高考英语大一轮优选（备、考、练）全国通用版讲义：专题技能增分指导1 Word版含答案.docxVIP

高考英语试卷阅读部分最多的题型是细节理解题，主要考查原文提到的特定细节或具体事实，题干针对原文具体内容本身发问。全国卷中常见的类型有：直接理解题(在原文中能直接找到答案，常用when, where, who, what, why和how等提问)、语意转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题等。做此类试题，要先审读题干，确定关键信息词，然后有针对性地对文章进行快速扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，仔细研读该处的上下文，再将选项与原文信息进行一一对比，从而确定答案。没有必要从头到尾地每句话进行细读，那样会浪费时间。很多细节理解题主要是考查考生查读(scanning)文章信息的能力。这种方法特别适合读广告和做简单的数字计算题。解答细节理解题还有一个常见的做法就是对文中的重点信息可以用铅笔进行标记，如文中不同的人物、地名、时间，甚至某人所说的话。同时，也应注意事实与观点，A看法与B看法的区别等。这种方法更适用于记叙文的阅读，或广告中信息较杂或新闻报道中涉及的人物众多时。YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas, butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow, whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams (1860～1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社区) bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931, AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson (1907～1964)IfitwerentforRachelCarson, theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworldslakesandoceans.SandraDayOConnor (1930～present)WhenSandraDayOConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool, in1952, shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(参议员) and, in1981, thefirstwomantojointheUSSupremeCourt.OConnorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks (1913～2005)OnDecember1,1955, inMontgomery, Alabama, RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear, andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas, wastiredofgivingin，”saidParks.1．WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A．Hersocialwork.B．Herteachingskills.C．Hereffortstowinaprize.D．Hercommunitybackground.2．WhatisthereasonforOConnorsbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A．Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B．Herlittleworkexperienceinco