论信托成立——以合同设立信托为例-on the establishment of trust - taking the establishment of trust by contract as an example.docxVIP

摘要近年来，营业信托开始步入平稳发展的成熟期，民事信托借助不断扩张的高 净值富人群体更是迅速发展，越来越多的家族信托和金融信托产品涌现以满足财 富隔代传承或投资需求。但是，中国《信托法》对信托成立的规定却历来饱受学 者的质疑。在以合同为设立信托的方式的场合，鉴于现行立法认为信托在信托合 同订立时成立，人们很容易误认为信托的成立等同于信托合同的成立与生效，并 将信托与合同混为一谈。本文主要分为四部分。本文第一章大概阐述了我国《信托法》的制定初衷以 及存在的主要问题。本文的第二章对英美法系的信托概念，以及大陆法系的信托 与信托行为概念进行论述分析，初步揭示出两大法系信托发展的差异以及信托行 为与信托的区分。本文在第三章进一步通过对不同法系下信托定义与第三人利益 合同的理论进行比对，得出信托合同只是信托设立的方式，信托合同的成立与生 效应当与信托的成立区分。由于信托成立的关键——信托财产的转移必须依赖于 信托合同中的财产转移条款的履行，因此，本文尝试论证通过《信托法》将信托 合同纳入典型合同并以法律规定赋予其强制执行力的必要性和可行性，保证了信 托的成立不会因为财产转移义务人的拒绝履行而落空。最后，针对信托登记的登 记生效和登记对抗主义的立法论争，本文亦通过列举两大法系中信托登记在信托 设立过程中的作用，明确了信托登记独立于财产转移登记的事实，进而针对不同 类别的财产或财产权提出一种与现存财产转移登记相对接的建议。关键词：信托合同，信托的成立，财产转移，信托登记AbstractIn recent years, business trust has entered a mature stage of steady development, and civil trust with the continuous expansion of well-off population is rapidly growing. More and more family trusts and financial trust products have emerged to meet the inter-generational transmission of wealth or investment needs. However, provisions regarding creation of trust of Trust Law of the Peoples Republic of China have been questioned by scholars for long. Where a trust is established by contract, it’s easy to mistake formation and taking-effect of trust contract for creation of trust and further confuse trust with contract, because the prevailing trust law of China provides that a trust is created at the conclusion of trust contract.This paper is classified into four parts. The first chapter of this paper mainly talks about the incentive of enactment of trust law of China as well as the main problems thereof. The second chapter articulates the definitions of trust in Common Law, analyzes trust behavior and trust under Continental Law and reveals the distinction of trust in two different legal systems and differentiates trust from trust behavior. The third chapter compares the trust under the two legal systems with theory of contract for the benefit of third party and concludes that trust contract is only the form of trust establishment and