(医学各论课件）10、春5周周二-血管生理学宣讲培训.pptVIP

Graphic in proofs looked as if arterioles are EMPTY. Graphic is confusing since ALL of lumen is red (but plasma is clear)– accompanying photo shows an RBC. These figures should not be stacked vertically– this confuses the scale on the abscissae. Movement of fluid and solutes into the blood is called absorption. Absorption Filtration Movement of fluid and solutes out of the blood is called filtration. Net filtration pressure (or Effective filtration pressure) EFP + ?Filtration EFP - ? Reabsorption EFP Pc Dynamic changes in vasodilation/vasoconstriction in the arterioles regulate downstream pressures and flow rates. Effects of arteriolar vasodilation or vasoconstriction on capillary blood pressure Venous pressure and venous return （静脉血压与静脉回流） Venous pressure Peripheral venous pressure（外周静脉压）── the pressure in the peripheral veins Central venous pressure (CVP，中心静脉压)── the pressure in the thoracic vena cava the right atrium 4~12cmH2O Central venous pressure measurements were obtained for three astronauts (indicated by different colors). Notice the dramatic CVP changes that occurred during launch as well as when the astronauts arrived in space. Measurement of central venous pressure Jugular venous pressure is a clinical measure of central venous pressure. It is the height of the pulsating column of blood in the great veins draining into the right atrium and, in malaria, is a useful measure of over- or under-hydration (hyper- or hypovolaemia). Jugular venous pressure is the vertical distance, measured in cm, between the venous pulsation in the neck and the sternal angle (junction of the second rib with the sternum) when the patient is propped up on pillows at 45 to the horizontal. In this position, the sternal angle marks the level of the right atrium. The height of the jugular venous pressure is normally 4–5 cm. In order to measure it, the patient should be made as comfortable and relaxed as possible. It is difficult or impossible to identify venous pulsation if