废水中氨态氮的脱除分析-analysis of ammonia nitrogen removal from wastewater.docxVIP

废水中氨态氮的脱除研究摘要水中的氨态氮是一种有害物质，在微生物作用下转变为硝态氮和亚硝态氮，对人体 有毒害作用；消耗水体的溶解氧，造成水中富营养化、鱼类大量死亡等。本课题首先利 用理论计算得到氧化物可能用来脱除水中氨氮并进行实验验证，说明其可行性。探索吸 附法和负载分子筛的方法对理论计算的方法进行改善，然后改变条件，研究微波下不同 氧化物的的脱除效果。实验在常温常压微波下进行，在催化剂的作用下，使污水中的有 机物、氨等分别氧化成 CO2、H2O 及 N2 等无害物质，达到净化的目的。利用理论计算得出几种氧化物活性从大到小为 MgO，NiO Cu2O，MoO3Ag2O，Al2O3。随后制备出了 NiO，MgO，Cu2O，MoO3 等催化剂对上述催化剂的活性进行验 证，验证实验的催化活性为 Bi2O2 MgO NiOMoO3CuO Cu2OMnO3、Ag2O，与理 论结果基本相符，说明其活性与理论计算有一定的相关性，但是这几种的效率都比较低。 然后用吸附法分别测定了活性炭对氨的吸附率为 9.8%；氧化铝对氨的吸附率为 4.6%； 普通沸石对氨的吸附率为 26.9%。人造沸石对氨的吸附达到了 83.1%，说明人造沸石的 吸附效果比较好。而在人造沸石上负载氧化物催化剂，氧化铋—人造沸石催化剂对氨的 吸附率达到了 87.4%。比人造沸石的吸附率要高，但是这种方法时间太长。为了减少时 间改变条件选择微波下进行，通过实验研究了催化剂种类、敏化剂、微波加热时间、溶 液 pH 对氨氮去除效果的影响。结果表明，溶液 pH 值为 10，同时添加氧化剂过氧化氢、 催化剂氧化铜、敏化剂沸石、活性炭后氨氮脱除效果最佳，微波功率为 750W 下，辐射 时间 10min，氨氮去除率接近 95％。关键词：催化氧化，分子筛，模拟构型，氨氮废水，吸附，微波The Study on the Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen in Wastewater AbstractAmmonia nitrogen in water is a hazardous substance. It can be converted to nitrate andnitrite under action of microorganisms, which are toxic to human body. Also, it consumes the Ammonia nitrogen in water is a kind of harmful substances. Under the action of microorganisms it transform into nitrate and nitrous nitrogen and toxic to the human body. It can consume the oxygen in the water, and cause water eutrophication and the death of the fish and so on. This paper firstly uses the theories to calculate that oxide may be used to removal the water of ammonia and carry on the experiment, and to prove the feasibility. Explore the methods of adsorption and loaded molecular sieve to improve the theoretical calculation methods, then change the conditions to research the removal effect of different oxide under the microwave. Experiments were carried out at normal temperature, ordinary pressure and microwave, under the action of catalyst, so that the sewage organic matter, ammonia and so on were oxidized into CO2, H2O and N2 and other harmful substances, to achieve the purpose of purification.According to the theory to reach the activity of several ox