内陆干旱区平原水库防蒸发节水试验分析-experimental analysis on evaporation prevention and water saving of plain reservoirs in inland arid areas.docxVIP

内陆干旱区平原水库防蒸发节水试验研究摘要本文针对内陆干旱区平原水库水面无效蒸发量大的问题提出用苯板漂浮水面的工程措施来防止蒸发损失从而达到平原水库节水的目的通过大量的现场试验和系统的理论分析建立了一套关于浮板稳定分析的理论计算公式首先应用数理统计和物理实验的方法确定苯板最优的几何物理力学参数然后在现场选用八种不同的试验方案进行试验其次对现场试验结果进行理论分析在合理假设的基础上运用水力学空气动力学波浪力学及弹塑性力学等理论建立三种不同受力状态下浮板抗折断破坏的力学模型其中对边界条件复杂的力学模型用数值分析的方法求解并总结出一套差分法求解混合边界条件下矩形板的挠度内力计算公式最后运用本文建立的三种力学模型进行了在风浪共同作用下浮板的结构计算结果与现场观测基本吻合证明该模型具有一定的合理性可以应用到类似的工程计算中关键词干旱区平原水库节水防蒸发试验StudyonWaterSavingbyPreventingEvaporationExperimentinInlandAridAreaPlainReservoirsYanXinjun(WaterConservancyandHydroelectricEngineering)SupervisedbyProfessorShiKebinAbstract:Theaimoftheexperimentistoreducethelargeamountofineffectiveevaporationininlandaridareaplainreservoirsbyusingpolystyrenefoamplasticslabsfloatingonthewatersurface.Bydoingmanyfieldexperimentsandsystematictheoreticalanalysis,thepaperderivesatheoreticalcalculatingequationonfloatingslab.Firstly,theoptimumgeometrical,physical,mechanicalparameterisdeterminedbythemethodofprobabilityanalysisandphysicalexperiment.Secondly,theauthordofieldexperimentsundereightdifferentexperimentalschemesandanalysetheresults.Then,basedonreasonablehypothesis,usingthetheoryofHydromechanics,Aerodynamics,WaveMechanicsandMechanicsofElasticityandPlasticity,theauthorderivesthreedifferentmechanicalmodelsonfloatinganti-breakslabs.Inaddition,usingnumericalanalysisthestudycalculatesthemechanicalmodelsundercomplexboundaryconditionandbyusingdifferencemethodconcludesthecalculatingequationondeflectionandinnerforceoftherectangularslabundermixingboundarycondition.Finally,thepaperworksoutthestructureoftheslabunderthejointwindwaveactionbyusingtheformerthreemechanicalmodels.Theresultsareconsistentwiththefieldobservation.Itisprovedthatthemodelsarereasonable.Soitcanbeappliedinthesimilarengineeringcalculation.Keywords:aridarea;plainreservoirs;watersaving;experiments;evaporationpreventing;1绪论1.1引言世界上有相当一部分区域都属于内陆干旱区我国也是如此这些区域的基本特征是年降水量小而变率大云量少日照强烈气温高昼夜温差大空气相对湿度小蒸发强烈例如地处西北占国土1/6的新疆大部分地区的年降水量一般在200mm以下北疆平原为150mm200mm南疆不足70mm到塔里木盆地东南部则仅有几毫米但其年蒸发量却m[1]由于水资源相对贫乏高效用水和节约用水成为该区