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预付式消费退费法律制度分析-analysis of the legal system of prepaid consumer refund
预付式消费退费法律制度研究内容摘要随着经济不断发展以及人们生活水平的不断提高,近年来预付式消费模式逐渐在人 们生活中得到普及。而随着预付式消费市场的繁荣发展,能够实现经营者与消费者共赢 的预付式消费模式也逐渐得到人们的认可。但是由于预付式消费的法律制度存在缺陷, 因此实践中产生了大量的预付式消费侵权纠纷,“退费难”作为预付式消费纠纷中最为 常见的问题之一已引起人们的普遍关注。面对预付式消费退费难的现状和其存在的问 题,如何使预付式消费者的退费权得到法律制度的保护以及如何使预付式消费退费制度 在实践中得到有效的操作已成为目前理论界和实务界共同面临的重要课题。本文主要采用“提出问题,分析问题,解决问题”的基本思路对该课题进行讨论, 具体来说主要通过以下四部分进行探讨。第一部分案例引入及相关问题介绍。该部分通过引入司法案例,指出预付式消费者 退费权利受侵现状和成因,并试图对预付式消费的特征及其对退费制度的影响进行阐 述,最后指出建立预付式消费退费制度的必要性。第二部分预付式消费退费制度现状描述和问题分析。该部分首先对预付式消费退费 制度的国内和国外立法现状进行简单说明,通过现状分析提出我国该制度存在的问题并 对问题进行分析,从而使后文“解决问题”的过程更具针对性。该部分主要表明我国预 付式消费退费制度在预防性机制和监管机制上的缺失。预防性机制的缺失主要表现在立 法不完善、预付资金管理混乱与经营者变更混乱等方面,监管机制的不完善主要体现在 监管主体不明确、合同示范文本不规范和社会监管力度缺乏等方面。第三部分完善预付式消费退费制度。该部分针对预付式消费退费制度所存在的问题 提出解决建议,建议主要分为完善预防性机制和完善监管机制两方面。预防性机制的完 善主要通过完善相关立法、建立无理由退费制度、建立第三方担保交易模式和规范经营 者变更等方法来实现,而监管机制的完善主要通过明确监管主体、制定示范合同、建立社会监管防范体系等措施来实现。第四部分预付式消费退费制度的具体实施方案设计。该部分主要是在前文的理论基 础上,对预付式消费退费制度的实际操作进行规范,明确退费适用情形、退费的程序和 退费的金额计算方法,同时从实质公平的视角出发建议对预付式消费者退费权利进行必 要的限制。关键词:预付式消费;退费;预防性机制;监管机制AbstractAs the economic development and people’s living standard unceasing enhancement, in recent years, the consumption pattern of prepaid gradually gained popularity in peoples life. And With the prosperous development of the prepaid consumption market, the consumption pattern of prepaid that could achieve operators and consumers win-win is recognised by people gradually. But because the prepaid consumption law system has defects, so it produced a large number of prepaid consumption disputes of tort in practice, “the difficult of refund” is one of the most common problem in prepaid consumption disputes has aroused peoples widespread attention. Faced on the difficults and situations of refund of prepaid consumption, prepaid consumers’refund right how to get the protection of legal system? The prepaid consumption refund system how to get effective operation in practice? These problems have became an important theoretical and practical issue.This paper according to the writing ideal of “ask questions, analyze and solve
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