基于蚁群算法的无线传感器网络路由算法分析及实现-analysis and implementation of routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks based on ant colony algorithm.docxVIP

摘要无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network，WSN)是由大量体积小、功耗低且 具有无线通信能力的传感器节点所组成的无线多跳网络，有机地结合了分布式信 息收集、数据处理及无线通信技术，具有以数据为中心、面向应用及资源约束等 特点，拥有广阔的应用前景，同时也面临许多挑战。无线传感器节点能量受限且 通信能力弱，因此，如何有效节约且均衡网络的能量消耗成为无线传感器网络路 由算法的研究的热点。论文首先对无线传感器网络进行概述，介绍了无线传感器网络的结构组成并 分析比较了几种典型的无线传感器网络路由算法。其后重点研究了蚁群算法，该 算法在求解无线传感器网络最优路径问题时，虽然具有较强的搜寻较优路径的能 力，但是存在收敛性较差和网络能量消耗不均衡等方面的不足；论文针对基本蚁 群算法应用于无线传感器网络路由算法的局限性对其进行了改进，通过引入距离 启发式概率函数并将节点剩余能量作为信息素的更新因子，研究了基于蚁群算法 的无线传感器路由算法。通过建立无线传感器网络模型，进行了仿真实验；仿真 结果表明，该算法收敛性速度更快，降低并均衡了网络的能量消耗，网络生命周 期增加了 3%。论文最后利用 FPGA 的优势，对基于蚁群算法的无线传感器网络路 由算法进行了硬件方式的仿真实现，具有一定的工程实践意义。关键词：无线传感器网络 蚁群算法 路由算法 FPGAAbstractWireless sensor networks(WSN) are multi- hop wireless networks, which consist of a large number of small-sized and low power sensing nodes with wireless communications capabilities. They efficiently combine the technologies in distributed information sensing, data processing and wireless communications. Wireless sensor networks are characterized by data-centric, applications-oriented and resource constraints, which lend themselves to countless applications and, at the same time, confronted numerous challenges. As a result of the limited energy and weak wireless communications capacity of sensor nodes in the WSN, researches about how to save efficiently and to balance the energy consumption become the hot spots of the research on outing algorithms for WSN.The first part of the paper makes an overview of the WSN, which introduces thestructure and component of the WSN and makes a comparison of several typical WSN routing algorithms. The next part of the paper makes a deep research on ant colony algorithm. The ant colony algorithm has the advantage of high ability of searching for optimal paths, however, it also has shortage of poor convergence and unbalanced energy consumption. This paper makes an improvement of this algorithm according to its limitations of applying to WSN rooting algorithm by introducing distance heuristic probability function and the treating the residual energy of n