学术论文写作7PPT.ppt

How to Write An Abstract Outline Ⅰ. Definition functions of an abstract Ⅱ. Contents of an abstract Ⅲ. Types of abstracts Ⅳ. Format and length of an abstract Ⅴ. Suggestions for abstract writing Ⅵ. Keywords writing What is an “Abstract” ? An abstract is a condensed statement of the contents of a paper, which is usually put in front of the paper and regarded as the most important component in a research paper. What are the functions of an abstract ? The identifying function ——for readers The locating function ——for library Contents of an abstract A. The statement of purpose about your research; B. The approaches or methods of your research; C. The conclusions or results of your research. An abstract is “ an abbreviated, accurate representation of the contents of a document without added interpretation or criticism ”. (from ISO 214—1976E) 摘要是指一份文献内容的缩短的精确的表达而无须补充解释或评论. —国际标准化组织(ISO214-1976E文献工作) 国际标准化组织(ISO)关于摘要内容的规定 1. 研究的背景、目的和范围; 2. 研究的对象、方法和主要内容; 3. 研究的结论或建议及其价值。 Types of abstracts Descriptive abstract (描述型摘要)usually tells readers what information the paper contains, outlines the purpose, methods, and scope of the paper, and introduces the subject. B. Informative abstract (信息型摘要)contains specific information from the paper, includes the purpose, methods, and scope of the paper, and provides the results (findings), conclusions and recommendations. Format and length of an abstract As a rule, a descriptive abstract usually contains only one paragraph and an abstract for a journal article has less than 100 words. A thesis abstract is often longer than this limit, but no more than 1,000 words. Rarely does a thesis abstract exceed one page within several paragraphs. The length of an abstract varies depending on the length of the paper and the place where it appears. Suggestions for abstract writing A. Using some verbs and expressions; B. Using cor