骨学2014双语PPT.ppt

*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;Ⅱ.The terms of direction Superior and inferior Anterior and posterior (ventral) and ( dorsal) Medial and lateral Internal and external Superficial and profound Proximal近 and distal远 Ulnar 尺and radial桡 Tibial胫 and fibular 腓 ;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;二、The skull 颅;面部的年龄变化 ; frontal bone额骨 ethmoid bone筛骨 Unpaired sphenoid bone蝶骨 occipital bone枕骨 parietal bone顶骨 paired temporal bone颞骨; maxillae上颌骨 palatine bone 腭骨 paired zygomatic bone 颧骨 bones nasal bone 鼻骨 lacrimal bone泪骨 inferior nasal conchae下鼻甲 vomer 犁骨 Unpaired mandible下颌骨 bones hyoid bone 舌骨;(二）The facial cranium ;*;长方脸; 芳龄24岁的林小姐下颌角向外膨隆，形成一典型的国字脸。这张脸要是男子汉倒能显出几分粗犷，几分威严，但却给爱美的林小姐凭添无数烦恼。;　 短脸、方脸通过整形可以变成漂亮的瓜子脸。 ;下颌角肥大矫正术;(三）The skull as a whole 颅的整体观; 2.The posterior aspect of the skull; 3.The internal surface of the base of skull ; frontal crest额嵴 foramen cecum盲孔 crista galli 鸡冠 cribriform plat 筛板 cribriform foramina筛孔 ; In the center is the hypophysial fossa 垂体窝. In front of the hypophysial fossa is the optic canal 视神经管. Lateral to the hypophysial fossa is the carotid sulcus 颈动脉沟. There are a series of foramina in the lateral portion of the middle cranial fossa: foramen rotundum 圆孔, foramen ovale 卵圆孔 foramen spinosum 棘孔 ; It is the largest and deepest of the three cranial fossa. The lowest part of the fossa presents the foramen magnum枕骨大孔， There are hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管内口 above the anterolateral margin of the foramen magnum. ; Behind the foramen magnum, there are the internal occipital protuberance枕内隆凸, sulcus for transverse sinus横窦沟, sulcus for sigmoid sinus乙状窦沟, jugular for