微生物致病及毒性的分子机制（英文PPT）Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis and Virulence课件.ppt

Figure: 10-17 Caption: Genetic map of the F (fertility) plasmid of Escherichia coli. The numbers on the interior show the size of the plasmid in kilobase pairs (the exact size is 99,159 bp). The region shown in dark green at the bottom of the map contains genes primarily responsible for the replication and segregation of the F plasmid in normally growing cells. The light green region, the tra region, contains the genes involved in conjugative transfer. The oriT sequence is the origin of transfer during conjugation. The arrow indicates the direction of transfer (the tra region would be transferred last). The regions shown in yellow on F are transposable elements where integration into identical elements on the bacterial chromosome can occur and lead to the formation of different Hfr strains (see Section 10.9). Figure: 10-28a-b Caption: Maps of the transposable elements IS2 and Tn5. The red arrows underneath each map indicate the inverted repeats. The arrows above the maps show the direction of transcription of any genes on the elements. Tnp is the gene encoding the transposase. The transposase genes of these two elements are not closely related. (a) IS2 is an insertion sequence of 1327 base pairs with inverted repeats of 41 base pairs at its ends. (b) Tn5 is a composite transposon of 5.7 kilobase pairs with the insertion sequences IS50L and IS50R at its left and right ends, respectively. IS50L is not capable of independent transposition because there is a nonsense mutation (see Section 10.2) marked by a blue cross in its transposase gene. Otherwise, the two IS50 elements are very nearly identical. Note that these two IS50 elements are inverted with respect to each other. The genes kan, str, and bleo, confer resistance to the antibiotics kanamycin (and neomycin), streptomycin, and bleomycin. Interestingly, streptomycin resistance is not expressed in Escherichia coli. Figure: 10-29 Caption: Transposition. Insertion of a transposable element generates a dupli