论《嘉莉妹妹》中的自然主义Driser’sNaturalisminSisterCarrie.docx

论《嘉莉妹妹》中的自然主义摘要：美国作家西奥多德莱塞被认为美国自然主义的杰出代表，本文以其第一部小说《嘉莉妹妹》为例分析德莱塞自然主义的一些特征。论文从德莱塞创作《嘉莉妹妹》的历史文化背景出发，研究德莱塞在《嘉莉妹妹》中表现出来的自然主义思想。论文涉及该小说的主要三大背景：一是达尔文主义和宿命论；二是美国然主义；三是19世纪末在美国兴起的消费主义。同时分析自然主义的三大特点：欲望,本能和环境,最后得出结论：《嘉莉妹妹》一文中主人公嘉莉妹妹的最终命运与德莱塞本人的命运息息相关，赫思渥德的最终堕落也是德莱塞惧怕失败的结果。而德莱塞却把嘉莉妹妹和赫思特渥德最终得不到幸福归因于“人心盲目的追求，命中注定本该如此….”　关键词：自然主义达尔文主义 消费主义 欲望 环境 　　　　　　　Dreiser’s Naturalism in Sister CarrieAbstract：Theodore Dreiser is regarded as an outstanding representative of American naturalism. In this thesis, Dreiser’s first novel Sister Carrie is taken as an example to analyze the features of Dreiser’s naturalism. The thesis referred to three great historical and cultural background of the novel which are Darwinism，Determinism. American Naturalism and Consumerism. Meanwhile the thesis analyzes three features of naturalism. At last, we can draw the conclusion that the leading character of the novel-Carrie’s destiny has a great connection with Dreiser himself and the decline of Hurstwood is a result of Dreiser’s fear of failure, but Dreiser attributes Carrie and Hurstwood’s unhappiness to their insatiable desire for life or they are doomed to be unhappy etc, and from which we can see Dreiser’s naturalism easily. 　Key Words：Naturalism Darwinism Consumerism desire environment　Contents　　　　Introduction1　1. The historical and cultural background for Sister Carrie2　1.1 Darwinism and Determinism2　　1.2 American naturalism2　　2. The typical characteristics of naturalism in Sister Carrie2　　2.1 The relationship among reason, free will and instinct2　　2.2 The influence of the environment3　3. Dreiser’s naturalistic attitude of truthful reflection of life3　3.1 Dreisers “Sister”一Carrie3　3.2 Hurstwoods decline一Dreisers fear of failure3　　Conclusion3　Notes4　Bibliography5　Dreiser’s Naturalism in Sister Carrie Introduction　　Theodore Dreiser is one of the most influential American writers of critical realism, but many of his works referred to the description of naturalism and weakened his critical spirit. H