第十三讲：宗教诗与赞美诗1.docVIP

《英美诗歌选读》课程教案首页 学生专业班级 学 时 数 教学目的 教学内容 教学重点 教学难点 教学进程 教学方法 教 具 课后总结 作 业 备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。 第十三讲 哲理诗、宗教诗、赞美诗 第一节 哲理诗 诗歌与哲学是近邻，诗歌往往含有一定的哲理，这样的诗歌可以被称为哲理诗（philosophical poem）。 蒲柏的《人论》就是用双韵体写成的规模巨大的哲学论文，它从创世主、宇宙一直谈到人性、人类社会、道德和人的快乐，其中心思想是柏拉图的伟大的生存之链，宇宙万物在此链中各有位置，人处于天使与野兽之间，人只有安于这个位置，才能快乐。人应该坚信上帝，学着看远看全，就会发现，一切都是合理的： All nature is but art, unknown to thee; All chance, direction, which thou canst not see; All discord, harmony not understood; All partial evil, universal good: And, spite of pride, in erring reason’s spite, One truth is clear: whatever IS, is RIGHT. (Alexander Pope: An Essay on Man, To Henry St, John, lines 289~294)) 布莱克常辨证地看待问题，从《一粒沙》中可看出，诗人认识到事物之间有联系，小东西里有大宇宙： To see a world in a grain of sand, And a heaven in a wild flower, Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, And eternity in an hour. (William Blake: A Grain of Sand) 华兹华斯在《我心跳动》（My Heart Leaps up）中的名句“儿童是成人的父亲”(The Child is father of the Man)表达了诗人的儿童观，即儿童是成年人的榜样，成年人应该向儿童学习，很有哲理性。华兹华斯《不朽颂》探讨了童年的纯真来自天堂，但随着年龄的增长，天堂明辉是如何逐渐消亡： Our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting: The soul that rises with us, our life’s Star, Hath had elsewhere its setting, And cometh from afar: Not in entire forgetfulness, And not in utter nakedness, But trailing clouds of glory do we come From God, who is our home: Heaven lies about us in our infancy! Shades of the prison-house begin to close Upon the growing Boy, But He beholds the light, and whence it flows, He sees it in his joy; The Youth, who daily farther from the east Must travel, still is Nature’s Priest, And by the vision splendid Is on his way attended; At length the Man perceives it die away, And fade into the light of common day. （William Wordsworth: Ode: Intimations of Immortality, Lines 58~76） 这里把人分为几个阶段：infancy，“Fair and foul are near of kin, And fair needs foul,” I cried. “My friends are gone, but that’s a truth Nor grave nor bed denied, Learned in bodily lowliness And in the heart’s pride. “A woman can be proud and stiff When on lov