国际关系概论 第六节 国际战争和和平.ppt

《国际关系概论》 第六节 国际战争与和平 本节主要内容 一、国际战争 二、国际和平主义运动 Presentations sample 2:冷战、遏制、威慑与历史终结论 1、Backgrounds: Cold war The 42-year(1949-1991)rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, as well as their competing coalitions, which sought to contain each other’s expansion and win worldwide predominance. 2、Containment: a strategy to prevent a great power rival from using force to alter the balance of power and increase its sphere of influence. 3、Extended deterrence: a great power’s commitment to its allies to use its military might to prevent them from being attacked by an enemy. 4、End of history: Francis fukuyama’s thesis that the philosophy of economic and political liberalism has triumphed throughout the world, ending the contest between market democracies and centrally planned governance. 5、my opinions (comments) The collapse of soviet union and its block do not mean that the history of the rivalry of great powers end, and it just means…… 一、国际战争 （一）国际战争定义 人类集团之间使用军事技术进行大规模相互屠杀的行为。（直接相关的军事人员死亡少于1000人的武装冲突不被认为是战争）——瑞典斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所 War: the most severe form of military conflict (W.P.m.c) . War: a condition arising within states (civil war) or between states (interstate war) when actors use violent means to destroy their opponents or coerce them into submission; armed Conflict: combat between the military forces of two or more states or groups (W.P.t.t). （二）战争的性质 战争同时是目的、手段和状态 毛泽东：“战争是政治的最高表现形式。” 克劳塞维茨《战争论》：“战争不仅是一种政治行为，而且是一种真正的政治工具，是政治通过另一种手段的延续。” 战争的正义性 Just war tradition: a set of principles that identify the circumstances justifying the resort to war and, once begun, the requirements for just conduct. Just war: the theory popularized in the Middle Ages that identifies the conditions under which it is morally permissible, or ‘just’, for a state to go to war and the methods by which a just war may be fought. （三）国际战争的起因 1、个人层次的解释 领导人好战本性（两次海湾战争）； 决策者对对方意图的误判（一战）； 普通民众的本性（民众推动精英走向战争，美西战争）； 2、国家或组织层次的解释 政治制度（民主和平