必修一unit4 Earthquake Grammar学案.docVIP

Unit4 Earthquake Grammar 一、定语从句的有关概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 如：1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2)You must do everything that I do. 在上面两句中的 man 和everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词：that , which ,who ,whom 和whose与关系副词：where, when和why。关系词（关系代词或关系副词）放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。也就是说关系词有两个作用： 1.引导定语从句；2.代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。 二、关系代词的用法 1) that 既指人，又指物，在从句当中作主语或宾语。 This is the book that I want to read. / Tom is the only one of the guests that comes from the USA. 2) which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 The letter which I received yesterday was from my father. / The dog which was lost has been found. 3) who 指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。 Here comes the girl who wants to see you. Mr. Li is a man who we should learn from. 4) whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。 Do you know the woman whom he is talking to? Rose is the person whom you should look after. 5) whose 既指人又指物，在从句当中作定语。 I know the person whose company produces computers. This is the person whose story surprised everybody. 提醒一： 一般说来，除了用定语从句解释名词或泛指外，先行词前应有定冠词the。 提醒二：关系代词在从句中作主语时，先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。 ① He is the only one of the students who _________ French. (the only one 为先行词) ② He is one of the students who ________ French. (students 为先行词) 提醒三：关系代词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词which, whom, that作动词宾语或介词宾语（此时介词不能在关系代词前）时常可省略，而在非限制性定语从句中whom, who, which不能省略。 The boy (that/who/whom) we saw last night was Tom. 提醒四：定语从句中常见的错误： 1）缺少先行词：Is this school that you visited last year? 2）缺少引导词：Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. 提醒六：在限制性定语从句中，以下情况一般只用that引导，而不用which或who: 1) 当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等不定代词以及先行词被这些词修饰时。 All that can be done has been done.。 2) 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 This is the largest ship that I have ever seen. 3) 当先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。 This is the very book that I am looking for. 4) 当先行词既指人又指物时。 We often talk abut the persons and things that we remember. 5) 当主句是以who 或which 开头的疑问句时，