语用学讲义2：预设.pptVIP

第3讲 预设 Did you get a good look at my face when I took your purse? 1、如果可能的话，请判断以下每个句子是真是假（注意：“真、假”不同于“是、否”）。有没有这样一些句子：你如果不考虑英语单词的意思或牵涉到的人物、地点、事件的知识，你就不可能对其真假值作出判断？ （a）Abraham Lincoln is the current president of the USA. （b）The Eiffel Tower is in Paris. （c）A car is an automobile. （d）Have a cookie. （e）Be careful of the crumbs （f）Where was Abraham Lincoln born? （g）How much did the car cost? 2、下列句子是什么类型的句子？伴随其后的推理正确吗？ （a）Where has Faye looked for the keys? “Faye has looked for the keys.” （b）Did you buy this awful wine? “This wine is awful.” （c）Don’t sit on the Annie’s sofa. “Annie has a sofa.” （d）Stop being lazy. “You are being lazy.” （e）Lucy knows that George is a crook. “George is a crook.” 3、将以上四个句子全转换成否定句，看看后面的推理是否依然正确。 4、以下每个语句都提到chocolate cake。考虑以下在说话时哪一个语句包含预设“There was a chocolate cake”。这些语句有什么共同点？ 1（a）Mike might find the chocolate cake in the kitchen. 1（b）Mike might find a chocolate cake in the kitchen. 2（a）Is Mike giving Annie that chocolate cake? 2（b）Is Mike giving Annie a chocolate cake? 3（a）Did Mike hide a chocolate cake? 3（b）Did Mike hide Annie’s chocolate cake? 5、考虑一下各个语句哪些包含预设“Mike smashed the television”。换句话说，哪些语句表述了说话人认为该预设是真的但没有直接说出来。这些语句的共同点是什么？ （a）Did Mike smash the television? （b）When did Mike smash the television? （c）I was eating popcorn(爆米花) when Mike smashed the television. （d）Why did Mike smash the television? （e）I don’t understand why Mike smash the television. （f）I wonder if Mike smashed the television. （g）I wonder how Mike smashed the television. 6、写出下列每句话可能包含的预设，并说明是什么触发了它。 （a）Steve regrets buying a dog. （b）Meridyth pretends she’s a rock star. （c）Ed should stop eating raw oysters. 7、在以下每个例子中，假设某位法官已经支持了对该问题的疑议，则已经对此问题持反对意见的预设是什么？ （a）How did you know that the defendant had bought a knife? （b）How long have you been selling cocaine? （c）When was your bracelet cstolen? （d）Did you see the murdered woman before she left the office