心理笔记chapter ppt课件.pptx

Consciousness (p. 142)The awareness of the sensations, thoughts, and feelings being experienced at a given moment - waking consciousness（清醒的意识）Altered states of consciousness are other times – during sleep, hypnosis（催眠状态） or under the influence of drugsFour Stages of Sleep (pp. 144-145)Stage 1The stage of transition between wakefulness and sleepStage 2Body temperature starts to decrease and heart rate begins to slowMakes up about ? of early twenty- somethings’ sleepBecome less and less responsive to outside stimulation Stage 3Brain waves become slowerStage 4Deepest stage of sleep where people are least responsive to outside stimuliBed-wetting and sleepwalking are most likely to occur at the end of stage 4 sleep.REM Sleep (p. 146)Sleep that occupies a little over 20% of an adult’s sleeping time and is characterized by:Rapid eye movementIncreased and irregular heart rateIncrease in blood pressureIncrease in breathing rateErections（勃起） in malesDreaming- most vivid and remembered“Paralysis”（麻痹） of the dreamer’s body The Function and Meaning of Dreaming (pp. 149-150)Unconscious wish fulfillment theory (Freud, 1900)Proposed that dreams represented unconscious wishes that dreamers desire to see fulfilledLatent（潜在的） content refers to the “disguised（掩饰）” meaning of the dreamManifest（显然的） content refers to the true subject of the dream The Function and Meaning of Dreaming (pp. 149-150)Evolutionary（发展的） explanation: Dreams-for-survival theoryDreams permit（允许） information critical for our daily survival to be reconsidered and reprocessed during sleep; therefore, Dreams represent concerns（有关的） we have in our daily livesThe Function and Meaning of Dreaming (pp. 149-150)Neuroscience explanation: Activation-synthesis（综合） theoryThe brain produces random electrical energy during REM sleep that stimulates memories that are put together to make a logical story lineThe storyline is a clue（线索） to the dreamer’s fears, emotions, concernsSleep Disturbances（扰乱） (p. 153)Insomnia – 1/3 of peop