人教版高中英语选修十第8讲Unit4Larningefficiently语法篇.docVIP

Unit 4 Learning efficiently-语法篇 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1. 掌握虚拟语气运用； 2. 掌握常考虚拟语气的解题方法； 虚拟语气 一. 定义 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 二. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 1. 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是“如果”的意思。 2. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设时，从句谓动用“过去式（be的过去式用were）”，主句谓动用“would/ should/ could/might+动词原形”。例如： If I had time，I would attend the meeting. If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad. 2) 表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句谓动用“had+过去分词”， 主句谓动用“would/ should/ could/might+ have+过去分词”。例如： If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams. 3) 表示与将来事实相反的假设时，从句谓动可以用三种形式: a. “动词过去式”； b. “were to+动词原形”； c. “should+动词原形”， 主句谓动用“would/ should/ could/might+动词原形”。例如： If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off. If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点： (1) 错综时间条件句 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。如： If you had taken my advice，you would know what to do now. 要是那时你听我劝告的话，你现在就知道该做什么了。 (2) if的省略和倒装 在条件句中可省略 if，把were，had，should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。例如: If I were at school again，I would study harder. →Were I at school again，I would study harder. If you had come earlier，you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier，you would catch the bus. If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing. 注意： 当省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。比如，我们可以说：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.但不能说：Werent it for the expense，I would go abroad now. (3) 含蓄条件句 ① 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with，without，but for。例如: What would you do with a million dollars？(＝if you had a million dollars) We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(＝if we hadnt got your help) Without