医学课件ECTOPIC KIDNEY（Nephroptosis）异位肾.ppt

ECTOPIC KIDNEY(Nephroptosis) Ectopic kidney usually causes no symptoms unless complications such as ureteral obstruction or infection develop Congenital disorders. Is a low kidney on the proper side which failed to ascend normally. (Over the pelvic brim. In the pelvis). Prone to ureteral obstruction and infection, which may lead to pain or fever. Palpable examination may find such a kidney, leading to an erroneous presumptive diagnosis, eg, cancer of the bowel, appendiceal abscess. Excretory or retrograde urograms will reveal the true position. Hydronephrosis, if present, will be evident. There is no redundancy of the ureter, as is the cause with nephroptosis or acquired ectopy(eg, displacement by large suprarenal tumor. Obstruction and infection may complicate ectopy and should be treated by appropriate means. Anatomic vision: normal pelvic at the position of No. 1 or 2 lumbar vertebral level, kidney mobility range is 1—4 cm with respiration . Kidney descending level is much than this range at the position of standing we call Ectopic Kidney. VARICOCELE Varicocele is common in young men and consists of dilatation of the pampiniform plexus above the testis. The left side is most commonly affected. These veins drain into the internal spermatic vein in the region of the internal inguinal ring. This vein passes lateral to the vas deferens at the internal inguinal ring and, on the left side, drain into the renal vein. On the right it empties into vena cava. The left internal spermatic vein is particularly liable to have incompetent valves. This fact, plus gravity, may lead to poor drainage of the pampiniform plexus, the veins of which gradually undergo dilatation and elongation. At times they are painful. Sudden development in an old men is sometimes as a late sign of renal tumor which invaded renal vein, thereby occluding the spermatic vein. Examination upright reveals a mass of dilated, tortuous vein lying posterior to and above the testis. The degree