Theories of discrimination, cont理论的歧视，续.pptVIP

Piore’s demand-side developments Thesis: structure of technology shapes jobs 1. some types of technologies require skills, knowledge, and training and so turnover is costly and incentives are provided to workers to stay ? 2. Other types of technology can be operated without much training and so workers in these positions tend to be lower paid and exhibit higher turnover rates Piore’s demand-side developments Technology itself partly determined by nature of demand for product. stable demand for a product gives firms the assets and incentives to invest in higher tech equipment. ? unstable and uncertain demand for a product means firms are afraid to invest too much in retooling and may not have the funds to do so anyway. ? thus, jobs can change from secondary to lower tier primary or the reverse as a result in a change in the demand in that market resulting in technological change, or depending on the supply side condition—who is available to fill it. David M. Gordon and LMS Wrote Harvard doctoral dissertation on LMS in 1971. Continued working on subject for many years, also in collaboration with Richard Edwards and Michael Reich. Early work generally agreed with Piore’s—little mobility between segments (except occasionally for white males) and different labor markets operated differently. quantitative work – beginning 1973 Like dual economy, quantitative work did not always support thesis. For example, it was shown in several studies that there was more inter-market mobility than the LMS theory predicted. ? But because the tests also showed that the segments differed in their dynamics, and refuted some of the propositions of human capital theory, attempts were made to modify rather than to abandon the theory. LMS modifications Piore emphasized the issues of technology and demand on the one hand, as well as institutional arrangements such as unions, government legislation, other social and political factors. The former determined the different types of