Introduction to Psychology - York University：心理学导论-约克大学.pptVIP

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Introduction to Psychology - York University：心理学导论-约克大学.ppt

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Introduction to Psychology - York University：心理学导论-约克大学

Chapter 7: Memory Music: “Do You Remember” Featuring Jean Paul “Never Forget You” Noisettes Agenda 1. Important information for the next test! 2. The Memory System (i) Sensory Memory From sensory to short-term memory (ii) Short Term Memory From short-term to long-term memory (iii) Long Term Memory Forgetting 3. Eye-Witness Testimonies 4. Application: Improving your memory 5. Movie: Beautiful Minds… (5 min.) 1. Readings for Midterm #2 Chapter 5 “Variations in Consciousness” Chapter 6 “Learning” Chapter 7 “Memory” Chapter 8 “Language and Thought” Delete pages 329-344 (Language) Chapter 9 “Intelligence and Psychological Testing” Delete pages 369-375 Evaluation: Midterm #2 will be worth 20% of your final grade Same format as Midterm #1 Start studying now! 2. The Memory System Fig. 7.6 p. 290 2. (i) Sensory Memory Stores a perfect picture of the world, but for a fraction of a second See Sperling’s studies p. 290 Iconic (visual) and echoic (auditory) sensory memories 2. (i) Sperling’s Studies From Sensory to Short-Term Memory How does information get encoded and transferred onto the memory system? a) Automatic processing No effort required See implicit memories p. 312 b) Effortful processing Pay conscious effort and attention to hold info. In short-term memory See explicit memories p. 312 2. (ii) Short-Term Memory Semi-permanent storage Magic number: 7 (+ - 2) Information is lost after 20-30 seconds unless it is rehearsed Maintenance rehearsal keeps the information there… Elaborative rehearsal brings the information to long term memory Type of encoding: p.287 Type of Encoding 2. (ii) Type of encoding, p. 287 2. (ii) From Short-Term to Long-Term Memory What helps us remember?? a) Type of encoding b) Self-referent encoding (self-schema) c) Imagery d) Mnemonics: method of loci Acronyms: e.g. Roy G. Biv 2. (ii)…To long term memory e) Chunking: e.g. 1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2 (1492) (1776) (1812) f) Organize information hierarchically g) Spac