Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology：1章：进化心理学.pptVIP

Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology Lauren Ornelas Walter Neal Warren Ruis Lupita Espinoza Developing “Psychology” Greek terms - ‘Psyche’: Soul, “logos’: Referring to the study of a subject Stemmed from the studies of Philosophy and Physiology Wilhelm Wundt (1879) Established Psychology as its own field 54,000 pages of books “Father” or “Founder” of Psychology Consciousness Developed by Wundt Developing the idea of consciousness “Awareness of immediate experience.” Structuralism V. Functionalism Structuralism: Edward Titchener (English Professor in America) “Based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related.” Recognizing Relationships Breaking Down Barriers Taking things Apart Structuralism V. Functionalism Functionalism William James (American Scholar) “Psychology should be based on the belied that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness [alone] rather than its structure.” Seeing the psychological process as a whole Natural Selection William James (1842-1910) used this Darwin Theory Characteristics that are beneficial and carry down through time and generations Applied to the Functionalism model of psychology’s purpose Women Pioneers in Psychology Mary Calkins (1863-1930) ?Invented Techniques for studying memory Margaret Washburn (1871-1939) ? First female PhD in Psychology and was later very influential in behaviorism Leta Hollingworth (1886-1939) ?Studied and wrote about adolescent development, retardation and focused on gender differences Watson and Behaviorism Behaviorism is a “theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior.” Watson wanted to abandon consciousness theories all together Challengers: Gestalt Theorists, who through the Gestalt Principals focused on consciousness and its level of perceptual importance. Freud and the Unconscious Developed t