Chapter 8 - Operator Overloading - Universidade Federal do Rio 8章-运算符重载-联邦大学里.pptVIP

Chapter 8 - Operator Overloading 8.1 Introduction Use operators with objects (operator overloading)? Clearer than function calls for certain classes Operator sensitive to context Examples Stream insertion, bitwise left-shift + Performs arithmetic on multiple types (integers, floats, etc.)? Will discuss when to use operator overloading 8.2 Fundamentals of Operator Overloading Types Built in (int, char) or user-defined Can use existing operators with user-defined types Cannot create new operators Overloading operators Create a function for the class Name function operator followed by symbol Operator+ for the addition operator + 8.2 Fundamentals of Operator Overloading Using operators on a class object It must be overloaded for that class Exceptions: Assignment operator, = Memberwise assignment between objects Address operator, Returns address of object Both can be overloaded Overloading provides concise notation object2 = object1.add(object2); object2 = object2 + object1; 8.3 Restrictions on Operator Overloading Cannot change How operators act on built-in data types I.e., cannot change integer addition Precedence of operator (order of evaluation)? Use parentheses to force order-of-operations Associativity (left-to-right or right-to-left)? Number of operands is unitary, only acts on one operand Cannot create new operators Operators must be overloaded explicitly Overloading + does not overload += 8.3 Restrictions on Operator Overloading 8.4 Operator Functions As Class Members Vs. Global Functions Operator functions Member functions Use this keyword to implicitly get argument Gets left operand for binary operators (like +)? Leftmost object must be of same class as operator Non member functions Need parameters for both operands Can have object of different class than operator Must be a friend to access private or protected data Operator member functions of a specific class are called Left operand of binary operator of same class Single operand of unitary operato