翻译理论与实践1-3单元.docVIP

第一单元 翻译概论 巴别塔典故 1.1 翻译的目的 1.2 翻译的分类 Exercise of Foreignizing Domesticating Translations To kill two birds with one stone All roads lead to Rome 1.3 翻译史简介 1.4 翻译的标准 1.5 翻译的主体原文——译者——译文”是翻译界公认的三元关系。从这个三元关系可以看出，译者“既是原发语篇的接受者，又是目的语篇的创造者，处于‘上情下达’的中间、核心地位 第二单元 英汉对比 2.1 英汉语言对比 试译以下这个简单的句子： A dialect is known by every linguist in this room. [参考译文1] 一种方言被这间屋子里的每一个语言学家所懂得。 [参考译文2] 有一种方言这间屋子里的每一个语言学家都懂得。 “主语——谓语”结构转换成汉语的“主 题——评论”结构。 现在请大家通过翻译以下的简单句子熟练掌握这一技巧 1.I would not believe what he said. 2.I did not remember a single point discussed at the meeting. 3.I know Mr. Wang. 4.He is the best singer. 参考译文 1.他的话，我可不信。 2.会上讲了什么，我一点没记住。 3.王先生我认识。 4.唱歌，他是最棒的。 2.1.2 形合与意合 试比较以下的英汉句子 1. Even if the monk can run away, his temple cannot run with him. 跑得了和尚，跑不了庙。 2. Even if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell. 打死我也不说。 3. Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 4. If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ 5. We will not attack unless we are attacked. 人不犯我，我不犯人。 翻译以下几个句子掌握英汉语言的形合与意合 1. As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain. 2. My sister was expecting me, so I had to go now. 3. A body in motion remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. 4. We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin. 2.1.3 树状与竹状 英语的词组与词组、句子与句子之间结构关系和逻辑联系必须交代得十分清楚。因此英语句子结构呈树状，往往有一主干（复合句中的主句或简单句中的某主要成分），主干上枝蔓横生：句子成分随时可加以修饰，而修饰语中的某成分又可被别的成分修饰。由此往往形成长句。 汉语句子结构呈竹节状，逐节（短语或小句）展开。汉语的句子可以在同一施事或主题语之下按逻辑顺序铺陈，虽然小句间有逗号隔开，但语句的联系仍是紧密的。这样，汉译时经常由英语的树状转化为汉语的竹节状。 例如：The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry because he had had no food for two days. [参考译文] 男孩哭得心都快碎了，当我问及他时，他说饿极了，有两天没吃了。 特别注意句子的主干和连接部分的翻译 1. The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elephants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which