【医学课件】《医学统计学》-6. Chi-square test.ppt

Medical Statistics (full English class) Ji-Qian Fang School of Public Health Sun Yat-Sen University 10.1 Statistical Description for enumeration data Absolute measure: The numbers counted for each category (frequencies) The absolute measure can hardly be used for comparison between different populations. 1. Relative measure Three kinds of relative measures: Frequency (Proportion) Intensity (Rate) Ratio (1) Relative Frequency In general, Denominator: Sum of the person-years observed in the period Numerator: Total number of the event appearing in the period Unit: person/person year, or 1/Year Nature: the relative frequency per unit of time. (3) Ratio Ratio is a number divided by another related number Examples Sex ratio of students in this class: No. of males : No. of females = 52% Coefficient of variation: CV=SD/mean Ratio of time spent per clinic visit: Large hospital : Community health station = 81.9 min. : 18.6 min. = 4.40 2. Caution in use of relative measures a. The denominator should be big enough! Otherwise the absolute measure should be used. Example: Out of 5 cases, 3 were cured– 60% ? b. Attention to the population where the relative measure comes from. Mistake in the textbook (P.305) : “Distinguish between constitutes and proportion” !? We should say “Distinguish between Prevalence rate and Constitute among patients” Prevalence rate: Population is the students in the same grade Constitutes: Population is all the patients c. Pooled estimate of the frequency Pooled estimate = ? numerators / ? denominators Example: The prevalence of myopia among 3 grades ≠ (15.16+15.89+18.37)/3 The prevalence of myopia among 3 grades = (67+68+56)/(442+428+305) = 192/1175 = 16.34 d. Comparability between frequencies or between frequency dis