Maternal Depression A Risk Factor for Infant Mental Health：孕产妇抑郁症幼儿心理健康的危险因素.ppt

Maternal Depression: A Risk Factor for Infant Mental Health Presented by: Dr. Deborah Perry Georgetown University Child Development Center Outline for Presentation Epidemiology of depression Symptoms and assessments Influence on child development Implications for practice Prevalence of Major Depression Prevalence of Post-Partum Depression Estimated 50-80% of all mothers experience post-partum blues in 10 days following birth 8-15% mothers experience post-partum depression within first year 1 in 1,000 women experience post-partum psychosis during first year, most occur before third month Syndromes and Symptoms Post-partum Blues: tearfulness, fatigue, insomnia, feelings of loss or being overwhelmed Post-partum Depression: Low mood, irritability, sleep/appetite disturbance, guilt, despair, worthlessness, etc. lasting at least 2 weeks Post-partum Psychosis: hallucinations, paranoia, inability to care for self or baby, thoughts of suicide or infanticide Assessment Self Report Observational techniques Formal screening measures (e.g., CES-D, BDI) Clinical interview Consequences for Children Children of depressed mothers have higher rates of depression, attention deficits, behavior problems, separation anxiety, and conduct disorder compared to control samples Findings are consistent across different types of raters (parent report, child and teacher reports) Also poorer social skills and peer relations Insecure attachments How depression affects development Changes in hormones during fetal period Specific aspects of parenting behavior: Maternal responsivity Maternal sensitivity Emotional availability Negative mood (intrusive/hostile) Inconsistency in discipline Modeling negative affect Inability to assist with emotional regulation Maternal Depression Affects Most Children 50% - 80% of offspring have significant problems Exposure in early life appears to confer more risk Duration and severity of mother’s depression affects children’s severity Even mild depression assoc