大叶莲雾在广西南宁引种表现及栽培要点.docVIP

大叶莲雾在广西南宁引种表现及栽培要点 　　摘要：【目的】探索“大叶”莲雾在广西南宁市地理气候条件下的引种效果及提高其果实品质的关键栽培技术。【方法】以引种于广西南宁市西乡塘区的8年生树龄的“大叶”莲雾为材料，观测其主要生物学特性、树体生长、结果习性、物候期及越冬表现。同时在花果期设计不同的栽培处理，分析通过栽培管理提高“大叶”莲雾果实品质的效果。【结果】“大叶”莲雾在引种地表现出生长萌发力强、抽梢旺盛和座果率高的生长特性，花期可从4月初花芽萌发延续至6月中旬，表现出可多次开花结果的生物特性。在2015年冬最低气温2.8℃，日平均气温≤7℃超过3天的极端气温后，表现出较强的耐寒性。在花果期采用适宜的管理措施能明显提升果实品质。【结论】“大叶”莲雾十分适合广西南亚热带气候区域种植，通过适宜的栽培技术可生产出符合市场需求的优质莲雾。 　　关键词：莲雾；大叶；引种 　　中图分类号：S667.9文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-4374（2017）01-0028-05 　　Abstract：【Objective】This paper aims to explore performance of the introduced “Daye” Wax-apple under the geographical and climatic conditions of Nanning，along with its key techniques of cultivation for improving its quality.【Method】Observing closely an eight-year-old “Daye” Wax-apple introduced in Xixiangtang District of Nanning，the authors record its biological characteristics，tree growth，fruit bearing，phenological period and winter performance.Meanwhile，different cultivation management is conducted at flowering and fruiting stage to test the effectiveness.【Result】“Daye” wax apple very well with vigorous sprouting，strong branching and high rate of fruiting in Nanning；its flowering period lasts from early April to mid-June with multiple blossoming and fruit bearings.It has displayed relatively strong resistance to cold，surviving extreme weather in 2015 （the lowest temperature 2.8℃，more than three consecutive days with an average daily temperature less than 7℃）；appropriate management measures can improve fruit quality significantly at flowering and fruiting stage.【Conclusion】“Daye” wax apples is very suitable for planting in the south subtropical climate region in Guangxi；proper cultivation techniques can meet the market demand for top-class wax apple. 　　Key words： wax apple；Daye；hanshuiwen；introduction 　　?V西莲雾种植发展目前初具规模[1]，种植面积呈逐年上升的趋势。但由于莲雾是典型的热带果树，抵御寒害能力弱，对不稳定气候较敏感[2]，以往广西莲雾生产常遭受越冬寒害限制及病虫害的影响[3]，果农获利不易。为突破栽培生产中所遇到的问题，寻求引进优异新品种是可行的方式之一。“大叶”莲雾引自马来西亚，与其它莲雾品种（系）相比，其具有更好的耐寒性，在原产地又名“寒水翁”，十分适宜广西南亚热带气候及生态相似区域推广。除了耐寒性强的优点外，“大叶”莲雾还具有果形佳，色