不同场景下槽罐车火灾数值模拟研究.docVIP

不同场景下槽罐车火灾的数值模拟研究 　　【摘 要】本文为了研究不同类型的易燃液体槽罐车火灾的影响范围，利用Fire Dynamics Simulator（FDS）软件，以不同场景下的槽罐车火灾为研究对象，分析了易燃液体槽罐车火灾的原因和种类。对装有易燃液体的槽罐车的罐内池火灾和罐外池火灾进行数值模拟，通过对火场特征参数的研究，得出无风和有风情况下，槽罐车火灾对周围人员和物体的热辐射影响，并与经验模型进行比较。以热通量准则作为判断标准，确定火灾事故的影响区域。结果表明，罐外池火灾比罐内池火灾造成的影响范围更大;有风时，下风向目标处所受热辐射显著提高;无风罐内池火灾场景中，罐壁的遮挡效应对近火源处的温度和热辐射有影响。 　　【关键词】槽罐车;池火;热辐射;数值模拟 　　Numerical Simulation of Tanker Fire at Different Scenarios 　　CAO Ya-ting GAO Yue 　　（School of Energy and Safety， Anhui University of Science amp; Technology， Huainan Anhui 232001， China） 　　【Abstract】This paper presents a study of the tanker fire at different scenarios based on the Fire Dynamics Simulator （FDS） software. In order to study the effect range of different types of flammable liquid tank fire， reasons and types of flammable liquid fires of tanker have been analyzed based on different scenarios of tanker fire as object of study. Through taking numerical simulation of pool fires inside or outside of the tanker which containing flammable liquids， thermal radiation effected on persons and objects around the fired tanker under windless and windy conditions has been derived from the fire characteristic parameters and compared with the empirical model. The division of dangerous area has also been discussed based on heat flux guidelines as criteria. The simulation results show that influence area of pool fire outside of the tanker is greater than influence area of pool fire in the tanker; in windy condition， the thermal radiation received by the target located at the downwind direction has significantly increased; in the scene of windless pool fire in tanker， the shielding effect of tank wall has effect on temperature and heat radiation near the fire source. The results can provide reference for prevention and control of tanker fire accident. 　　【Key words】Tanker; Pool fire; Thermal radiation; Numerical simulation 　　0 引言 　　化工产品的运输是企业生产不可缺少的环节，每一天都有大量的车辆在运输危险化学物品，其中就包括槽罐车对易燃液体的运输。在运输过程中，易燃液体的意外泄漏和起火经常会引起一系列的灾难性事件，造成运输路线周围的人员伤