不同绿肥翻压对陕南烤烟土壤和烟叶钾营养农艺性状及经济性状影响.docVIP

不同绿肥翻压对陕南烤烟土壤和烟叶钾营养、农艺性状及经济性状的影响 　　摘 要：采用田间试验方法，以秦烟96为试验材料，研究了黑麦草和毛苕2种绿肥翻压后对烟田土壤容重、土壤和叶片中钾营养以及烤烟的农艺性状和经济性状的影响，旨在寻求通过绿肥翻压，改善钾营养，进一步提高烟叶品质。结果表明，与对照相比，2种绿肥翻压均能显著降低烟田土壤的容重，增加土壤速效钾含量，提高田间鲜叶和烤后烟叶钾含量，提高烤烟上等烟比例和产量及质量，综合分析以毛苕翻压优于黑麦草翻压。因此，毛苕可作为一种优良的绿肥在陕南烟区示范推广，为改良烟田土壤、培肥地力、提升烟叶品质提供理论依据和技术支撑。 　　关键词：烤烟；绿肥；钾含量；产量；质量 　　中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2015）10-58-04 　　Abstract：A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of two different green manure application of Secale cereal L. and Vicia uillosa Roth on soil bulk density，potassium contents，agronomic and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco to improve soil fertility and potassium contents as well as provide scientific basis for production with high yield and quality in Hanzhong tobacco region using Qinyan 96. The results suggested that two different green manure both can obviously decrease soil bulk density，improve the soil available potassium content，and increase potassium content of tobacco leaves as well as the quality and agronomic traits compared to the control. Conclusively，Vicia uillosa Roth could be the reasonable application of green manure to improve soil fertility and promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco. Therefore，Vicia can be used as experimental extension in an attempt to provide theoretical basis and technical support for improving soil fertility and enhancing the quality of tobacco in practice of Qinyan96 in the southern tobacco-growing area in Shannxi. 　　Key words：Flue-cured tobacco；Green manure；Potassium content；Yield；Quality 　　由于多年单施用化肥及对有机肥的忽视，造成了我国部分烟区土壤板结、地力衰退、土壤有机质含量下降、养分失衡，烟草病害加重，影响了烤烟产量及质量，不利于烟田土壤的可持续利用和烟叶生产的可持续发展[1-2]。种植绿肥是改良土壤的有效措施之一，绿肥的种植和利用具有提供养分、合理用地养地、部分替代化肥、改善生态环境、固氮、吸碳以及节能减耗等作用[3]。在烟区利用烟田冬季休闲空间种植绿肥，翻压后不仅能增加土壤中的有机质，改善土壤理化性状，促进土壤微生物循环，降低土壤容重，而且在绿肥生长过程中还能通过养分吸收、根系分泌物和细胞脱落等方式起到调节土壤养分平衡、活化和富集土壤养分、增加土壤微生物活性、抑制土传病害和消除土壤消除土壤障碍因子[4-6]。翻压适量的绿肥能够促进烟株的生长，尤其是叶片的开片，提高烟株干物质积累量及烤后烟叶的产量，改善烟叶的化学品质[7-9]。而关于使用黑麦草和毛苕作为绿肥，研究其对烟田土壤理化性质、烤烟农艺性状和经济性状的影响研究较少。因此，本试验通过种植黑麦草和毛苕，研究不同绿肥