八边形逐级吸能梁设计与优化.docVIP

八边形逐级吸能梁设计与优化 　　摘 要:研究了一种八边形截面逐级吸能梁结构的设计与优化方法。建立了八边形逐级吸能梁的有限元模型,通过台车试验验证了模型的有效性。采用均匀试验设计方法制订并进行了一系列不同壁厚的八边形逐级吸能梁碰撞仿真,利用仿真结果建立了八边形逐级吸能梁的耐撞性回归方程,并进行了回归分析。利用遗传算法,以八边形逐级吸能梁壁厚为变量,对该吸能梁耐撞性进行了多目标优化设计,获得了一组耐撞性较好的八边形逐级吸能梁设计方案,并将优化方案用于车架耐撞性改进。仿真及试验结果表明,该八边形逐级吸能结构变形吸能均匀,能够更好地达到碰撞安全性要求。 　　关键字:八边形;逐级吸能;耐撞性;优化 　　中图分类号:U463.32文献标识码:A 　　 　　Design and Optimization of the Octagonal Step by Step Energy Absorbing Beam 　　CAO LiboCUI ChongzhenBAI ZhonghaoDING Haijian 　　(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082) 　　Abstract: Structural design and optimization method of the octagonal beam with step by step energy absorbing characteristics were introduced. The finite element model of the beam was developed and validated by sled test. Uniform design method was used to set the scheme of the impact simulation of the beams with different thickness. The crashworthiness regression formulations were defined based on the simulation results and regression analyses were done. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used in the multi-objective optimization of the thicknesses of the beam. A series of optimal results were obtained and one of them was adopted in the improvement of the crashworthiness of a vehicle frame. The simulation and test results show that the octagonal step by step energy absorbing beam has even energy absorbing performance and is better for the vehicle to meet the crash safety requirement than the original one. 　　Keywords: Octagon; Step by Step Energy Absorbing; Crashworthiness; Optimization 　　 　　越野车一般采用非承载式车身结构,车身通过多个橡胶垫安装在车架上,载荷主要由车架来承担[1]。非承载式车辆前碰撞过程中,车架结构吸收了大量的能量。前纵梁是车架中重要的吸能部件,纵梁轴向皱褶变形是最有效的能量吸收机制,纵梁产生的皱褶变形越多,其吸能效果越好[2]。在碰撞过程中,如果前纵梁能够实现较平稳的吸能,使得规定点加速度曲线在碰撞过程中维持在一个稳定的适当水平,避免速度的剧烈变化,将有利于乘员的保护[3]。不同截面形状的纵梁,其吸能效果也不相同。A. Rossi等人研究表明,在截面面积和厚度相同的情况下,八边形薄壁纵梁结构比四边形薄壁纵梁结构的平均碰撞力增加了25%,永久变形量降低了20 %;在相同周边长的不同横截面纵梁碰撞时,八边形薄壁梁的平均碰撞力是正四边形的1.15倍 [4,5]。Holnicki-Szulc J, Lam KP和Hou SJ等人研究结果表明,提高多棱角薄壁梁结构耐撞性措施主要有两个:第一、使用机械性能较好的