国外高等职业教育对我国应用型本科院校转型启示.docVIP

国外高等职业教育对我国应用型本科院校转型启示 　　摘要：应用型本科院校承担我国高等本科职业教育的任务，在转型之初存在的问题是重就业指导轻职业教育、重基础理论教学轻实践能力提高、重学历学位轻双师型师资培养、重统一培养轻个体职业指导等；分析其成因主要有国家职业教育制度的影响、社会对职业教育评价的偏见、学校教育观念转变不到位和人们的职业意识淡漠。国外高等职业教育以满足经济发展需求为动因，以法律制度为保障，按市场需求设置专业课程，严格职业教育任职资格，注重学生职业发展需求。借鉴国际经验，应用型本科院校要强化职业教育观念，培养应用技术性人才；开展行业市场调研，突出地方特色设置专业课程；推进“跨界合作”教学平台建设，培养应用型师资队伍；注重个体职业指导，满足学生多样化发展需求。 　　Abstract： Application-oriented university is the main force of performing Higher Occupation Education. At the beginning of the application-oriented universities′ transition，the problems of the occupation education are having more employment guidance and less career education， laying more emphasis on Academic Education and neglecting practices in teaching， paying more attention to diploma education and disregarding double type teachers′ training， using identical training standard and the lack of personalized guidance. Analysis of the causes are mainly the effect of the national occupation education policies，the social prejudice on the occupation education， the education concept of the universities and the people′s indifferent occupation consciousness. The characteristics of foreign countries′ higher occupation education are those it is not only for the foreign economic development needs， but also enacting the laws for its accomplishing， designing courses according the markets′ demands， being strict with the serving standards of the vocational education teachers and devoting much attention to the students occupation development needs. Drawing on these experiences， application-oriented universities should： strengthen the vocational education concept of the staff and cultivate the application personnel； conduct industry market research and arrange the professional courses stressing the local characteristics； perform the construction of the cooperation platform between universities and enterprises， and train the vocational teachers， and supply individual instruction and services according to the students′ occupational interests. 　　关键