小流域淤地坝坝系水土保持监测效益评价.docVIP

小流域淤地坝坝系水土保持监测效益评价 　　摘要：黄土高原小流域淤地坝坝系的建设对流域生态环境起到改善的作用。以山西省河曲县树儿梁小流域为例，以2006-2010年的观测资料为基础，从流域土地利用的动态变化、淤地速度与降雨量和土壤质地等方面分析淤地坝坝系建成后逐年的环境效益。分析表明由于坝系建设，基本农田措施面积每年有增加，而增加的部分就是每年新增的坝地，坝地的增加使得流域的水土流失面积每年都略微减小；各类型淤地坝逐年新增淤地面积的变化趋势与年降雨量变化趋势相同，即降雨量大的年份淤地面积也大，淤地坝具有淤粗排细的作用；在玉米各生育期，坝地、梯田和坡耕地的土壤土壤含水量、土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量，均是坝地＞梯田＞坡耕地。文章根据5年的观测数据分析评价了淤地坝建设对流域土地利用和土壤质地变化的影响，为小流域淤地坝坝系建设和淤地坝建设的水土保持效益评价提供数据支持。 　　关键词：小流域 淤地坝 土壤理化性质 　　Abstract: The construction of check dam system of small watershed in the Loess Plateau plays an important role of the ecological environment improvement. Take the Shanxi Province Hequ County Shuerliang small watershed as the study area, the environmental benefits after the check dam system built were analyzed from the watershed land use dynamic change, the silting speed, rainfall and soil texture based on the observation datum of 2006-2010. The results show that: 1) the basic farmland increased annually, and the increased part was the annual increase of the dam land which made the area of soil erosion decreased. 2) The new silting area of various types of check dam increased as the rainfall increased. 3) During the corn growing period, soil moisture content, soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of dam land, terraces and sloping land had a same trend as dam land terraces sloping land. According to five years observation data, the influence check dam construction on the land use and soil texture were analyzed and evaluated, which would provide data support for the check dam construction and soil and water conservation benefits evaluation. 　　Keywords: small watershed, check dam, soil physical and chemical properties 　　中图分类号：Q938.1+3 文献标识码：A 文章编号： 　　淤地坝建设是从长期的水土保持治理实践中摸索的成功经验，既能保持水土，又能淤地造田，是减少入黄泥沙、增加农田的重要水土保持措施[1]，流域内淤地坝的配置比例与坝系减沙比例呈正比[2]。淤地坝坝系建设可以提高流域的抗灾能力，改善局部小气候，提高农民收入，是黄土高原地区防治水土流失的基本工程措施[3]。但是因为早期建设的淤地坝缺乏观测资料，淤地坝建设的效益、淤积量、减沙量等效益无法评价，自2003年黄土高原将淤地坝建设作为全国水利建设“三大亮点”工程以来，淤地坝建设的生态效益和水保效益评价成为热点和难点问题。总结已有的研究发现缺乏长期、连续的数据资料。2006年