小麦秸秆替代化肥钾在水稻上应用效果.docVIP

小麦秸秆替代化肥钾在水稻上应用效果 　　摘 要：为探讨秸秆的合理利用和化肥减施，开展了小麦秸秆替代部分化肥钾在水稻上的应用试验，对各处理土壤理化指标，以及水稻生长、产量和养分吸收等相关指标进行监测。结果表明：土壤速效钾含量在水稻孕穗期小麦秸杆替代1/4和1/3化肥钾的处理显著高于其它处理，分蘖期和灌浆期各处理之间差异不显著；水稻生长和产量指标在各处理之间虽未达显著差异水平，但小麦秸秆替代部分化肥钾的处理较全量化肥钾处理有一定的增产趋势；稻谷中氮和钾含量在各处理之间差异不显著，说明小麦秸秆替代部分化肥钾未影响水稻对氮和钾的吸收。综上所述，小麦秸秆替代部分化肥钾在水稻上的应用是可行的，其中以秸秆替代1/2化肥钾较为适宜，可以获得相对较高的稻谷产量和相对较低的稻草产量，其谷草比较高。 　　关键词：小麦秸秆；化肥钾；土壤速效钾；水稻产量 　　中图分类号：S511 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.11.022 　　Abstract： The effects of wheat straw replacing chemical potassium fertilizer on soil available potassium concentrations and rice grain yields were studied in rice. The results showed as follows： the rice grain yields had increasing trend as a result of wheat straw replacing chemical potassium fertilizer， although the differences were not significant between treatments. Soil available potassium concentrations had no significant difference between treatments in tillering and grain-filling stage of rice， however， soil available potassium concentrations were significantly higher in a quarter and one-third chemical potassium fertilizer replaced by wheat straw treatments than that in the other treatments. Considering rice growth surroundings， grain yields and nutrient uptake， wheat straw replacing chemical potassium fertilizer couldnt reduce grain yields of rice and soil available potassium concentrations. Nitrogen and potassium uptake in rice were not influenced by wheat straw replacing part chemical potassium fertilizer. From grains and straw yields of rice， wheat straw replacing 50% chemical potassium fertilizer was feasible. 　　Key words： wheat straw； chemical potassium fertilizer； soil available potassium； yields of rice 　　中国主要作物秸秆种类有近 20 种，每年的秸?产量7亿t左右，占世界秸秆资源产量的20%～30%[1]。秸秆中蕴藏着巨大的养分资源，作物吸收的养分将近有一半留在秸秆中。但是，长期以来秸秆作为一类资源没有得到充分合理的利用，大量的秸秆被随意堆放、丢弃、焚烧，这不仅造成了资源的浪费，同时污染了环境和影响了人类的健康[2]。秸秆的合理利用是关系到资源、环境以及农业可持续发展的重大问题。据估算，2006年中国的秸秆含有钾（K2O）养分资源数量为1 342万t[3]。然而，中国是一个钾资源贫乏的国家，钾矿资源仅占世界资源总量的1.63%。长期以来，国内巨大的钾肥需求主要依靠进口来满足，给我国钾肥企业和用户带来很大风险。2014年，中