注意力焦点在背越式跳高技能教学中的应用分析-the application analysis of attention focus in the teaching of fosbury flop skills.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 本文通过查阅大量有关书籍和文献资料及对专家的调查、访问，搜集并深入 了解有关专家、学者在注意力焦点领域研究的现状。从注意力焦点理论研究范畴， 国内外对注意力焦点的研究发展方面做了系统深入的分析。提出结合背越式跳高 的教学特点，将内部注意力焦点和外部注意力焦点法，运用到跳高技能学习各个 阶段中，以提高教学效果。 为证实注意力焦点在背越式跳高技能教学中的应用价值，在研究过程中运用 了文献资料法，问卷调查法，教学实验法，数理统计法等，对注意力焦点进行了 实验研究，结果表明：第一，注意力焦点教学，从时间先后的维度来研究注意的 转移特征，从空间变化的角度研究注意的分配优势，具有灵活性的特征。第二， 运用注意力焦点教学法学生在动作的本质特点认知与运动技术控制能力，运动技 能表象、动作运动轨迹时空定位、节奏时机的把握方面，差异较为显著，实验班 优于对照班，第三、注意力焦点教学法在提高学生纠错能力，建立正确的心理认 知结构方面发挥着巨大的作用，实验班的测试结果明显优于对照班。第四，注意 力焦点教学法在提高学习效率，提高学生分析解决问题的能力方面优于传统教学 法。第五，通过注意力焦点教学实验，技评和达标成绩实验班均优于对照班，注 意力焦点教学对技能正确掌握和促进运动成绩均有显著作用。 同时，对运用注意力焦点教学方法时，提出一些建议：要先分析项目特征， 按各环节的动作序列结构，找出主要环节的关键点，将注意力焦点集中在时空关 键点上；明确注意力焦点的集约性，在一次练习时，将注意力焦点集中在解决关 键环节的关键点上，通常一个部分一个焦点，切忌设置多个焦点目标；在建立正 确完整的动作技术结构的基础上，把肢体运动时空轨迹与心理注意力焦点统一到 动作技能学习过程中。 关键词：背越式跳高；内部注意力；外部注意力；焦点；技能教学； II II ABSTRACT Lots of books and articles are looked up and interviews of the experts are undertaken in this paper to fully understand the status in the focus attention research area. The development on focus attention research in and out our country has been under deeply investigation through the aspect of theory research. The teaching character on back-style high jump is proposed, which is to combine the internal attention and external attention methods to the every stage of the learning of high jump technologies to improve the effect of the class. To verify to application value of focus theory in the back-style high jump class, the article researches, investigation paper, class experiments and mathematics calculation have been used. The results are as follows。First, the focus attention teaching method, which is based on the attention transformation through time and space scales, has the character of flexibility. Second, the contrast between the actions, skills appearances, the location in time and space and the handling of rhythms are obvious in the focus attention experiment. The behaviors of experiment class are better than the CK class. Third, focus teaching method is proved very useful in correct