徽商文化意义.docVIP

徽商文化意义 　　关键词： 徽商；收藏；文化意义 　　摘 要： 明清时期，富裕起来的徽商钟情收藏图书、前人字画、古董等，而且数量大、价值高。由于他们的藏品对文化人不封锁，欢迎观摩利用，这种开放方式收藏，保存了大量传统文化中的瑰宝；推动了书画艺术的进步并催生了新安画派；促进了学术的发展和文化的传播；造就了不少文化商人。虽然徽商当年的收藏大多不存，但一些富有远见的徽商，采取了当时唯一可以长久保存的形式――刻石和刻书，保存了这些藏品，使其至今仍能继续彰显其重要的文化意义。还有一些徽商利用收藏，提高自己并创造出新的成果，为传统文化的发展作出了贡献。 　　中图分类号： G09 文献标志码： A 文章编号：2011 　　 　　Cultural Significance of Hui Merchants’ Collection 　　WANG Shihua(College of History and Sociology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu Anhui 241000, China) 　　Key words: Hui merchants; collection; cultural significance 　　Abstract: In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, well-off Hui merchants were fond of collecting books, ancient calligraphy, paintings and antiques, which were in a large quantity with high value. Because their collections were open to intellectuals, Hui merchants welcomed everyone to appreciate and take advantage of their collections. The collecting style was characterized by opening to the public, which preserved a large number of cultural treasures, promoted the improvement of painting and calligraphy art and facilitated the birth of Xinan School of Painting, enhanced academic development, boosted the spread of culture, and cultivated a host of cultured businessmen. Although many collections of Hui merchants were lost, some Hui merchants were far-sighted in that in order to protect collections, they took the only method to conserve collections in a everlasting form ― inscriptions on wood or stones. In this case, they now still manifest the important cultural significance. Some Hui merchants made full use of collection to improve them and created new achievement, making contribution to the development of traditional culture. 　　 　　对于前朝书籍、古董尊彝、法帖名画的收藏，千年历史，屡见不鲜。其中既有官府，也有个人；个人中既有官员，也有平民。个人收藏各有目的：有的为转手牟利，有的为附庸风雅，有的为招摇炫耀，有的却是出于对传统文化的特殊爱好。在封建社会，对个人的收藏行为，有人统统嗤之为“玩物丧志”。殊不知对收藏是要区别而论的，有的收藏行为蕴涵着重大的文化意义，是绝不能作皮相之论的。 　　一 　　明清时期尤其是康乾时代，“贾而好儒”的徽商在钱囊丰满后对文化充满兴趣，他们除兴办学校、投资书院外，很多人开始钟情于收藏。 　　徽商收藏的范围很广，首要的就是图书。这一方面是为了自己读书的需要，另一方面也是培养子弟的需要。所以徽商家中或