日本共享单车历史现状与启示.docVIP

日本共享单车历史现状与启示 　　摘要：日本在城市化?M程中出现了各种道路交通与城市环境污染问题，为了解决这些问题，共享单车制度在日本各地应运而生，对日本共享单车的发展进行系统研究。研究认为，日本的共享单车诞生于社会管理的需要，后来通过政府行为推广而形成共享单车体系，私人自行车停车场的收费化促使共享单车走向成功，共享单车的经营理念也从“顺利用”与“逆利用”均衡革新为追求高单向使用率，日本政府的引导、鼓励和推动对共享单车业的发展起到了决定性任用；对于共享单车发展过程中出现的问题，日本电信运营商及时向共享单车装配3G网络与GPS系统，帮助共享单车运营商快捷准确地收集故障设备的位置信息，用多样化的单车配备满足不同需求的用户，用通用的公交、地铁IC卡将共享单车的会员体系全方位地融入城市交通网；目前日本的共享单车体系有“都市型”和“游乐型”二类，“都市型”共享单车的利用率和经济效益均高于“游乐型”，日本物业公司主导推动了“都市型”共享单车的发展，以日本共享单车为代表的国际共享单车业面临的最大难题是如何减少消耗维持收支平衡；这启示中国在共享单车发展时应预先创造有利于共享单车发展的使用环境，注意根据区域特色推行不同的设置方案，在试运营基础上循序推进，运营商应将相关押金钱款用于业务的长远发展，政府应对共享单车运营管理进行研究，制订行业规范和创建适用于共享单车发展的道路交通环境等，在全局性战略中支持、管理、监督共享单车业的发展，实现经济与社会服务的同步发展。 　　关键词：共享单车；日本；物联网；城市问题；环保出行；城市交通网 　　中图分类号：F570文献标志码：A文章编号2017 　　Abstract： There were various road traffic and urban environmental pollution problems in the process of Japanese urbanization， bicyclesharing system came into being in Japan in order to solve these problems. The development of Japanese bicyclesharing was studied systematically. Research shows that Japanese bicyclesharing comes from the need of social management， and then bicyclesharing system is formed through governments promotion. The charge of private bicycle parking lot promotes the success of bicyclesharing， management idea of bicyclesharing is reformed to pursue high use rate of oneway from balance between “sequential use” and “reverse use”. Guidance， encouragement and promotion of Japanese government has played decisive role in the development of bicyclesharing industry； with regard to problems arising from the development of bicyclesharing， Japanese telecom operators timely assemble 3G network and GPS system for bicyclesharing to help operators of bicyclesharing quickly and accurately collect location information of fault equipment. Using a variety of bicyclesharing equipment meets the needs of different users and using the general bus， subway IC cards makes the membership system of bicyclesharing comprehensively integrate with urban traffic network； curr