氮肥运筹方式对不同肥力土壤油菜产量与经济性状影响.docVIP

氮肥运筹方式对不同肥力土壤油菜产量与经济性状影响 　　摘要：为明确油菜（Brassica napus L.）适宜的氮肥施用方式，促进油菜高产稳产，采用田间试验研究了氮肥运筹方式对丰油10号在2种不同肥力土壤中产量与经济性状的影响，并比较分析了不同肥力土壤对氮肥运筹方式响应的特点与差异。结果表明，施氮处理中的产量与相关经济性状均高于不施肥对照；施氮处理中，氮肥作基肥和越冬肥分两次施入且比例为7∶3时，油菜产量均显著高于对照且达到最高，氮肥作基肥、越冬肥与蕾薹肥分3次施入且比例为5∶3∶2时，油菜产量虽明显高于对照但均为最低。说明，充足的氮素供应是油菜苗期正常生长发育的基础，纯氮用量在192 kg/hm2且基肥和越冬肥比例为7∶3时，能够较好的协调油菜高产与氮肥运筹利用的统一，获得较高的油菜产量。 　　关键词：油菜（Brassica napus L.）；氮肥运筹；产量；经济性状；土壤肥力 　　中图分类号：S565.4；S147.23 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）23-4489-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.23.017 　　Abstract： To explore the suitable method of nitrogen fertilizer application of oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.） and promote high and stable yield of oilseed rape， Fengyou No.10 was took as experimental material in this paper. Field experiments were carried out to study nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield and economical characters of oilseed rape planted in two different fertility soil， and to compare fertilizer response differences and characteristic of two different fertility soil to nitrogen fertilizer application. The results showed that，seed yield and related economical characters in the nitrogen fertilizer application treatments were mostly higher than the control of no fertilizer application. Among the nitrogen fertilizer application treatments， seed yield of the two soil fertility were both significantly higher than the control and reached the highest level when nitrogen fertilizer was divided into base fertilizer and overwintering fertilizer and the proportion of the two was 7∶3； seed yield of the two soil fertility were both obviously higher than the control and reached the lowest level when nitrogen fertilizer was divided into base fertilizer， overwintering fertilizer and bud fertilizer and the proportion of these three was 5∶3∶2. It indicated that sufficient nitrogen was the basis for the normal growth and development of oilseed rape at seedling stage. The dosage of pure nitrogen was 192 kg/hm2 and the proportion of base fertilizer and over