电子束快速成形tc4钛合金显微组织及力学性能研究-材料加工工程专业论文.docx

华 中 科 技 大 学 博 士 学 位 论 文 II 万方数据 碍作用，强度塑性也可获得较好的匹配。 再次，考察了热处理温度、冷却方式对 EBRM 成形 TC4 钛合金中α相的形态、 尺寸以及含量的影响，并建立了热处理与力学性能之间的关系。研究发现，随着固 溶温度提高，条状初生 α 相的体积分数会减少，长宽比降低；超过 α+β/β 相变点以 后，初生 α 相完全消失；在相同固溶温度下，冷速增加，初生 α 相的体积分数会减 少，β 转变组织中条状或针状 α 相厚度减小。在相变点以下，固溶温度对拉伸性能没 有明显影响；在相变点之上固溶，电子束成形 TC4 的强度显著增加，塑性降低明显； 固溶处理后冷却速率增加，材料拉伸和屈服强度均增加，但塑性变化较小。 在以上研究的基础上，采用优化的合金成分和热处理工艺进行性能试验，对性 能调控方法进行了验证。结果表明，经化学成分优化及热处理调控的 EBRM 成形 TC4 钛合金拉伸性能较未经处理的电子束成形态性能有了明显提高。综合性能与锻件实 测值相当，优于 TC4 铸件。 关键词：电子束快成形 TC4 钛合金 显微组织 力学性能 化学成分 热处理 III 万方数据 Abstract Electron Beam Rapid Manufacturing (EBRM) is a newly developed additive manufacturing process for direct fabricating complex and large metal components from computer aided design (CAD) data. In EBRM process, the metal wire is melted by the electron beam and fed into the molten pool and deposited layer by layer to form a near net shape metal part. As a high-efficiency and low-cost technology, EBRM well suited to fabricating large complex metal components in aircraft and spacecraft expediently and rapidly from 3-dimension CAD model other than large and expensive dies or casting moulds, which also leads to drastically reduced costs from material and machining. Prior researches has focused on process optimization or applications and while limited work was applied to modification of microstructure and mechanical behavior of EBRM materials. In this paper, aimed for improving the mechanical properties of TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) fabricated by EBRM, microstructure characteristics and its evolution, effect of alloy elements and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties were studied systematically. On this basis, methods to optimize mechanical properties was utilized and validated. First, macro- and microstructure of EBRM TC4 deposit were investigated. The typical macrostructure was characterized by large columnar β grains throughout many deposition layers and alternately light and dark banded textures exist in the deposits.