铅镉胁迫对马铃薯叶绿素含量及细胞超微结构影响.docVIP

铅镉胁迫对马铃薯叶绿素含量及细胞超微结构影响 　　摘要：采用组织培养方法，以马铃薯 （Solanum tuberosum L.）品种米拉（S. tuberosum cv. Mira）为供试材料，研究重金属铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）胁迫对马铃薯叶绿素含量及叶片超微结构的影响。结果表明，未经处理的马铃薯叶片细胞超微结构完整清晰，片层排列整齐，线粒体结构紧密，分布均匀，细胞壁平滑致密，细胞核中核仁颜色清晰，结构完整。经铅胁迫后，叶绿素含量下降，叶绿体肿胀，类囊体排列紊乱，结构被破坏，线粒体膜部分溶解，细胞壁发生不同类型的变化。镉胁迫后，叶绿素含量显著降低，片层结构模糊，比对照出现了更多的淀粉粒，线粒体变形、嵴消失、空泡化，膜系统破坏明显。说明铅、镉在马铃薯中有一定的蓄积作用，叶绿素含量和细胞超微结构的变化可作为马铃薯对重金属抗性分析的依据。 　　关键词：铅；镉；马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）；叶绿素；超微结构 　　中图分类号：O614；S532；Q945.11 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）16-3974-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.16.036 　　Effects of Pb and Cd on Chlorophyll Content and Cell Ultrastructure of Potato 　　LI Pei-hua 　　（Institute of Agricultural Sciences， Xichang College， Xichang 615013， Sichuan， China） 　　Abstract： With potato variety （Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Mira） as test material， through tissue culture experiments， effects of Pb and Cd pollution stress on the chlorophyll content and ultrastructure of potato were studied. The results showed that cell ultrastructure was clear in the control group； the lamell was in good shape and mitochondrial was averaged in chlroplast； cell wall was smooth and dense； and the nucleus was integrity with clear nucleolus. But the chlorophyll content decreased under Pb stress. And chloroplast began swelling along with ambiguity in thylakoid. As the same time， mitochondrial could be destroyed while cell wall suffered to varying degrees of destruction. Under Cd stress， the chlorophyll content reduced obviously； and the lamellar structure deformed as more starch grains appeared； the mitochondrial could be deformed and deficient in cristae and inside vacuolated while membrane loose integrity. It was concluded that the accumulation of Pb and Cd in potato has certain effect， the change of chlorophyll content and ultrastructure of cells could be taken as the basis for the resistance mechanism to heavy metals. 　　Key words： Pb；Cd；potato （Solanum tuberosum L.）； chlorophyll； cell ultrastructure 　　在全球工业迅猛发展和经济快速增长的现代社会，城市化的推进所带来的环境污染问题日益