铜仁市锦江河餐条成鱼食性初步研究.docVIP

铜仁市锦江河餐条成鱼食性初步研究 　　摘 要：2014年5-10月在锦江河采集餐条成鱼标本共180尾，并对其形态学测量和食性进行研究。结果显示：餐条的肠较长，约为体长的2倍，鳃耙数为16～20枚，鳃耙排列疏密程度适中，是偏动物性的杂食性鱼类，其食物组成为枝角类、桡足类、水生昆虫、藻类、小鱼、虾等；夏季是餐条的繁殖盛期，性腺充满体腔，且餐条大量吸收营养物质，在餐条肠充塞度和摄食率的研究中，6月份和7月份出现餐条肠充塞度和摄食率明显减少，可能与其繁殖时期对食物的消化吸收能力增强和性腺充满体腔有关。 　　关键词：锦江河；餐条；食性 　　中图分类号 S917.4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2016）10-0117-04 　　Preliminary Study of Hemicculter leuciclus Feeding Habits of Tongren Jinjing River 　　Dai Jingjing et al. 　　（College of Biology and A F Engineering，Tongren University，Tongren 554300，China） 　　Abstract：Collected the Hemicculter leuciclus specimens a total of 180 at the Jinjiang River in May to October，2014.Then according to related analysis of their morphology and feeding habits，the result showed that the Hemicculter leuciclus bowels were longer，which were twice its body length，and Hemicculter leuciclus gills’ density were very moderate，which were about 16 to 20. Their foods mainly consisted of ciadocera，copepods，aquatic insects and algae，fish，shrimp and so on，they were similar with animals. The breeding peak of Hemicculter leuciclus was in summer，with their bodies fulled of gonads，besides，a large of nutrients would be absorbed by them. In the study of intestine fullness and feeding rate，the survey concluded that their intestine fullness and feeding rate were significantly reduced in June and July. Perhaps that was related to absorption of foods and goads during breeding season. 　　Key words：Jinjiang river；Hemicculter leuciclus；Feeding habits 　　1 引言 　　1.1 目前研究状况 餐条（Hemicculter Leuciclus），属鲤形目，鲤科，鳊亚科，餐属。餐条又有白条鱼、参鱼、餐子等之称，繁殖力强，繁殖迅速，生长周期短，能容忍较污浊的水域，是初级淡水鱼，低海拔常见的鱼类，喜欢群居栖息于溪流、江河、湖泊及水库等水体的上层，餐条为小型经济鱼类，具有食用和药用价值，其味甘微温，用其煮汤味美健胃，在医药巨著《纲目》中记述，餐条具有暖胃，止冷止泻的功效，是江河湖泊中较为重要的经济鱼[1]。因而，应保护其生存环境，有计划的捕捞，以利于该种群得到快速的恢复。 　　目前，一些学者开展了对餐条的生物学特性[2]、种群生态学[4]、肌肉成分[5]及核型[6]的研究。1995年，李宝林等人对达愤湖的餐条鱼进行生物学研究，发现餐条是以浮游动物为主要饵料的杂食性鱼类，春季以水生高等植物为主要饵料；夏季主要摄食藻类、其次是挠足类、枝角类、水生昆虫、植物碎屑、虾等；秋季多摄食水生昆虫、虾类，特别是产卵季节所摄食物中昆虫、虾占比例较高。2011年，母红霞，孙宝柱，曹文宣等人发表的《张氏餐的食性分析》结果显示张氏餐是偏动物性食性的杂食性鱼类，主要以昆虫、枝角类、桡足