饥饿程度对美国白蛾生长发育和繁殖影响.docVIP

饥饿程度对美国白蛾生长发育和繁殖影响 　　Effects of starvation on the development and reproduction of Hyphantria cun ea.JU Zhen1, ZHAO Jing1, DING Fu-Bo2, QU Jian-Jun3, LI Ming -Gui1, XU Yong-YU1**(1.College of Plant Protection, The Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China; 2.Department of Garden and Forest Management in Dongying City, Dongying 157091, China; 3.Department of Garden and Forest Management in P englai City, Penglai 265600, China) 　　Abstract The effects of starvation in different instar larvae were studied on the develop ment and reproduction of Hyphantria cunea. Short time starvation in the 2nd 　　inst ar larvae had no significant effects on the development and reproduction. Two-d ay, 4-day and 6-day starvation in the 4th instar larvae showed the higher larv al mortality, the longer duration of larval stage, and the lower ratio of pupati on, eclosion and fecundity. Four-day starvation in the 6th instar larvae showed a bit lower ratio of survival, pupation, eclosion and fecundity. Twelve-day st arvation in the 6th instar larvae caused that 70% larvae pupated ahead without w eb outside, which had greatly lower ratio of eclosion and mating, and less egg a mount. 　　Key words Hyphantria cunea, starvation, larval duration, survival, fecundity 　　 　　摘 要 不同龄期幼虫饥饿对美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea(Drury)生长发育和繁殖影响的研究结 果表明：美国白蛾低龄（ 2龄）幼虫短时间的饥饿对其生长发育和繁殖的影响不明显；美国白蛾中龄（4龄）幼虫饥饿 2，4，6 d使美国白蛾的历期相应增长，存活率、化蛹率、羽化率、产卵量都相应降低 ，交配率与对照之间没有差异；老熟（6龄）幼虫短时间饥饿（4 d）的存活率、羽化率、交 配率、产卵量都稍有下降；长时间饥饿（12 d）的老熟幼虫有70％左右因饥饿而提前化蛹， 提前化蛹的蛹体外没有薄茧的包裹。提前化蛹的美国白蛾的羽化率、交配率均非常低，产卵 量很少。 　　关键词 美国白蛾，饥饿，幼虫历期，存活率，繁殖 　　 　　美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea(Drury)属鳞翅目，灯蛾科，是一种多食性的检疫害虫，在 世界各地 对不同植物造成了严重危害。在我国的辽宁、天津、山东、河北、陕西、北京等省市均有分 布［1～5］，并有进一步扩散传播的趋势，严重危害我国的林业生产和园林绿化。 国务院办公 厅于2006年曾下达关于进一步加强美国白蛾繁殖工作的通知，要求采取措施，严格控制美国 白蛾危害。 　　 　　美国白蛾能够以卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫传播进行远距离传播，并暴发成灾，其中以幼虫和蛹传 播的机率最大。美国白蛾在我国分布区内一般发生2～3代，并呈现出一显著特征即第1世代 幼虫一般为6龄，第2世代幼虫一般为7龄，第3世代幼虫为7龄［ 2～4,7,9，12］。美 国白蛾幼虫 具有很强的耐饥能力，且随着虫龄的增加，其耐饥能力逐渐增强， 1～2龄为2～4 d；3～4 龄为4～9 d；5龄为8～9 d；6龄为10～15 d［3］。在不同地