吉林省玉米品种资源抗大斑病组分测定与抗性评价.docVIP

吉林省玉米品种资源抗大斑病组分测定与抗性评价 　　摘要通过分析引起病害发生的重要因子,组建利用综合感病指数评价品种抗性模型,即:综合感病指数=单株病斑数(侵染几率)×相对产孢量×病斑大小。根据该公式,综合病指值越大,表示该品种感病越重,抗病性越弱;反之,表示该品种感病越轻,抗病性越强。利用这种方法对100余份国内和引自美国的玉米自交系及杂交种进行抗大斑病组份测定和抗性评价,选出对大斑病免疫或高抗玉米品种74份,既可用于农业生产,又可用于抗病育种资源材料。 　　关键词玉米大斑病;组份测定;抗性评价 　　中图分类号S513.024文献标识码A文章编号 1007-5739(2010)16-0162-03 　　 　　CompoundMensurationandResistanceEvaluationofCornVarietyResourcesResisingLeafBlightinJilinProvince 　　LENG Ting-rui 1LIU Han-chen 2BU Rui 1YANG Jun 1CHENG Wei-na 1DONG Bai-chun 1 　　(1 Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Baicheng City,Baicheng Jilin 137000; 2 Tianjing company of Jilin Province) 　　AbstractSpecies resistance estimation model was founded using integration infection index by analyzing the important factors of the disease development. Namely,Integration Infection Index=Lesions or Uredinia of Single Plant (Infection Probability)×Relatively Amount of Spores×the Size of Lesion or Uredial. In line with the formula,the higher the value of Integration Infection Index was,the stronger the species susceptibility was,and the weaker the disease resistance was;on the contrary,the lower the Integration Infection Index was,the weaker the species susceptibility was,and the stronger the disease resistance was.More than 100 domestic and American corn inbred lines and hybrids were tested and estimated for the resistance to leaf bright,74 immune and highly resistant entries were selected,which could be used in agricultural production and the breeding for the resistance to corn leaf blight. 　　Key wordscorn leaf blight;compound mensuration;resistance estimation 　　 　　玉米大斑病于1876年首次在意大利发现[1],到20世纪初已遍布世界各玉米产区。我国最早于1899年在黑龙江、吉林、辽宁发现,目前几乎在所有玉米产区都有发生。此病是由玉米大斑病突脐孢菌(Exserohilum turcicum)引起的,通常情况下吉林省以长春、四平地区发生较重,通化、吉林地区次之,白城、延边地区发生最轻。然而,白城地区在2005、2006年由于大量种植感病玉米杂交种,当时的气候条件也适于病害发生,造成玉米大斑病流行,受灾面积累计达83 600 hm2,绝收面积高达8 120 hm2,涉及人口102 810人,直接损失达1.08亿元。白城市农科院植保所于2007年在白城市科技局申请立项,进行玉米抗大斑病资源引进筛选与利用研究,现正在运行中。该病主要危害叶片、苞叶、叶鞘,使其枯死,致使籽粒饱满度差,重量降低,色淡无光泽。枯死时间越早,危害越重,产量损失也越大。在玉米整个生育期大斑病皆可