短暂性脑缺血发作患者颈部大动脉病变的超声学评估-神经病学专业论文.docxVIP

目 录 中文摘要·················································································································1 英文摘要·················································································································3 英文缩写··············································································································· ·7 研究论文 短暂性脑缺血发作患者颈部大动脉病变的超声学评估 前言·········································································································8 材料与方法···································································································10 结果·······································································································12 附图·······································································································14 附表·······································································································20 讨论······························································································· 24 结论·········································································································32 参考文献·······································································································33 综述 短暂性脑缺血发作患者颈部大动脉病变的超声学评估的研究········37 致谢···············································································································42 个人简历···········································································································43 短暂性脑缺血发作患者颈部大动脉病变的超声学评估 摘 要 目的：随着经济水平的快速发展和人口的老龄化，国民脑血管病发病 率明显增加，而且脑血管病发病趋势有逐渐年轻化的迹象。短暂性脑缺血 发作（transient ischemic attack，TIA）作为神经科的常见病、多发病, 病 死率和致残率均很高，相当一部分病人进展为脑梗死，严重影响患者的生 活质量和工作能力，不仅给患者及其家属带来了心理和经济上的负担，还 给社会造成了巨大的影响，因此探讨短暂性脑缺血发作的病因尤为必要。 通常将短暂性脑缺血发作分为颈动脉系统 TIA 和椎基底动脉系统 TIA 两 种。临床症状包括肢体无力麻木、一过性头晕、一过性语言障碍、黑曚、 吞咽困难、跌倒发作等。颈部大动脉内-中膜增厚、斑块形成以及管腔狭 窄是导致缺血性脑血管病的重要原因，只有提高对短暂性脑缺血发作患者 颈动脉病变的检出率，才能了解颈动脉病变与临床症状之间的关系，从而 有效地预防短暂性脑缺血发作的发生，降低其带来的全球性的社会、经济 负担。本研究主要是探讨短暂性脑缺血发作患者颈部血管的病变特点，以 及