动载作用下水平管内蒸汽凝结特性实验研究初探-制冷及低温工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 本文利用地面转台旋转产生的离心力模拟飞行过载，并在此圆形转台上搭建了水平管内蒸 汽凝结系统。将试验套管径向布置于转台，并使其内蒸汽流动方向与过载的方向相反。实验中 通过调节和测量动载、试验段压力、压差、流量、温度、空隙率等参数，得到了动载作用下水 平管内的蒸汽凝结的初步特性。实验结果增加了动载下管道内蒸汽凝结特性的数据积累，同时 为飞行器机载蒸发循环制冷系统的理论分析和设计提供一定的借鉴和参考。 实验结果表明：过载对管内蒸汽的凝结过程产生明显的影响。在 0-2g 过载范围内，随着过 载的增大，蒸汽进口压力呈单调递增的趋势，出口处的压力虽有增大，可是幅度不如进口处的 大，从而导致压差随着过载的增大而增大。在冷却水流量不变时，随着过载的增大，凝结换热 量增大。在大过载时，流量的变化对凝结传热效果的影响要强于小过载时的影响。在过载增大 的过程中，不同温差（指蒸汽与冷却水的温差）下的换热量和凝结系数均增大，并且小的温差 使得这种趋势更明显。可见小温差换热在过载增大的过程中能明显强化换热效果。相同过载下， 蒸汽进口压力低时的凝结效率要小于高进口压力时的效率；当过载增大时，两种压力下的凝结 系数都呈现明显的增大趋势。另外本文对凝结传热的不稳定性也进行了一些浅显分析。 关键词：动载，水平管，蒸汽凝结，换热特性，实验研究 I  Abstract In this thesis the centrifugal force resulted from a rotational platform was used to simulate the flying load, and an experimental system for steam condensation in a horizontal pipe had been established on the platform. The test pipe was installed in the radial direction of the rotating platform, and the flow direction of vapor in the pipe was opposite to the dynamic load. The parameters such as dynamic load, pressure, pressure drop, flow rate, temperature and void fraction were adjusted and measured in the experiment. Therefore some characteristics of steam condensation in a horizontal pipe under dynamic load were obtained. The experimental data could be added to the database in the characteristics of steam condensation in a horizontal pipe under dynamic load, and could be a reference in developing the vapor-cycle cooling system for flying vehicles. The results show that the dynamic load dramatically influences the condensation process of the steam in a horizontal pipe. The greater the dynamic load in the range 0 to 2g, the higher of the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure of the steam. However the inlet pressure increases more significantly than the outlet pressure so that the pressure drop increases. When the flow rate of the cooling water is kept constant, the condensation flux increases with the increase in dynamic load. The flow rate also influences the condensation process, and its effec