18-Industrial-Revolution工业工程.pptVIP

Industrial Revolution Effects of the Industrial Revolution What was the industrial revolution? Machines coordinated to make goods Energy from non-animal sources Industry grew 4 times faster Changed all aspects of society Most profound effect since agriculture Government change Political and military balance Europe as dominant power Transformed social classes Higher standard of living for most Effects of the Industrial Revolution Effects of the Industrial Revolution Origins Agricultural revolution Horse and steel plow Fertilizer use Yields improved 300% 1700-1850 Growth of foreign trade for manufactured goods Foreign colonies Increase in ships and size Successful wars and foreign conquest Origins – Why England? Factors in England No civil strife Government favored trade Laissez faire Large middle class Island geography Mobile population Everyone lived within 20 miles of navigable river Tradition of experimental science Weak guilds Manufacturing Textiles 4-5 spinners per weaver Manufacturing Textiles Cotton gave stronger fibers Invention of Spinning Jenny Demand for skilled weavers Mechanical looms (flying shuttle) Jacquard looms Richard Arkwright – 1771 Invents the spinning water frame Constructs the first spinning factory Realized that several machines could be linked to create a factory Needed water power to turn the machines (water wheel expert) Needed gears (watchmaker) Edmund Cartwright–1787 Power loom factory Manufacturing Textiles Jacquard looms Manufacturing Negatives Poor working conditions Children supplied labor Luddites Handicraftsmen replaced by machine Organized to stop industrialization Energy and Transportation Animal power and plant burning Water emerged as energy source Iron industry energy crisis Lack of wood Coal discovered Steam pumps for mines Steam engines Railroads England vs. Continental Europe England vs. Continental Europe Produced 20% of industrial goods Gross national product rose 4x Population increase Inventors took inventions abr