被害人承诺问题分析-刑法学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 摘 要 被害人承诺作为违法性阻却事由,已被世界多数国家所承认。从其悠久的历史发展 以及有关国家对它的重视,可以看出其重要的刑法价值。由于我国理论界对此关注的不多, 因而对被害人承诺的研究并不充分,通常仅将其作为超法规的正当化事由进行探讨。我国 《刑法》对被害人承诺虽然没有作出明确的规定,但是被害人承诺作为排除行为违法性的 原则却得到了我国许多刑法学者的认同,只是在其有效成立的构成要件方面存有争议。很 多国家的刑事立法都对被害人承诺问题作出了规定，我国刑法典虽然没有明确规定被害 人承诺问题，但在司法实践中已有所运用。被害人承诺阻却违法性的理论根据是被害人 对于自己有权支配和处分的利益在不侵害公共利益的前提下放弃了刑法的保护。被害人 承诺的成立要件包括被害人做出承诺的条件和行为人的条件，具体包括承诺能力、意思 表示的真实性、承诺的时间和方式、个人法益的有限承诺、行为人实施行为的内容与承 诺的内容一致等。我国司法实践中对相关案件的处理,也在一定程度上表现了对它的认 可。对被害人承诺进行理论研究,探讨其法理依据、成立条件及权限范围,对于正确理解 我国的犯罪构成理论,完善我国刑法体系,正确高效地处理司法实践中的相关案件以及更 好地保护公民自主决定权,都有着重要的积极意义。笔者希望通过对被害人承诺进行研究, 能够使刑法学界和立法者对此问题给予更多地关注和重视,最终确立被害人承诺在我国 刑法中的地位。 关键词 被害人承诺 阻却违法性 法律效果 地位 II II Abstract Abstract The commitment of the victim as a cause of obstructing the breaks of the law has been recognized by most countries of the world. From its long history of development and the national importance attached to it, we can see the value of the Penal Code. As chinese theory field shows few concern on it, and the research on it is not sufficient, usually this theory is only discussed as a legitimate ground of ultra regulations. The Chinese Criminal Law does not make specific provisions on the commitment of the victim, but it is agreed by many of our criminal law scholars when it is used as a principle to exclude acts of illegality, merely there are disputes in the effective establishment of the constituent elements. The criminal legislation of many countries make provisions on the commitment of the victim, even this problem is not expressly required by the Chinese Penal Code, it has been applied in judicial practice. The rationale of its obstructing the breaks of the law is the victims give up the protection of criminal law on the premise of their right to dominate and dispose of profits do not infringe the public profit. The established conditions of the commitment of the victim include the conditions of the victim to make the commitment and the conditions of behaviour of the human , including the capacity of commitment, the