曾国藩法律思想研究-法律专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 曾国藩作为中国传统文化的集大成者，一方面继承了儒家礼治的精华，另一 方面他处在中国法律文化第三次转型的特定历史条件下，面对内外交困、国弱民 贫的现实，逐渐形成了经世致用思想，并成为第三代经世派读书人的代表。曾国 藩法律思想是其经世致用思想的重要组成部分，他认为，施用法律是保证礼治的 需要，主张礼法结合。 曾国藩在“一秉于礼”的前提条件下，提出用“严刑峻法”的办法来达到以 法治吏，以法治民，以法治讼的目的，从而实现仁、义治天下，认为通过这种礼 法结合、以法为主的方法与手段就必然会出现“仁政”。 曾国藩通过依法治军、以爱民为根本；举办团练、建立新军；确立湘军建军 三原则；以礼治军、加强控制；直隶练军改制，军法三条；整军经武，军事再变 法；力降银价，安排财政；减征关税，奏停厘金；成立善后局等措施，从而达到 重刑治礼，止盗安民的目的。 曾国藩通过制订《直隶清讼事宜十条》、《直隶清讼限期功过章程》等法律文 件；挽留张树声并身体力行，从而达到了清理积案、整顿司法的目的，为后世立 下了光辉的积案清理典范，实现了他当时的愿望：天下虽乱，但法不可废。 曾国藩在具体执法过程中，不管是平民百姓还是位高权重的臣与将，他都力 求实现“司法公正”。通过察民情、伸民怨；就地正法、乱世用重典；约法三章 制服陈国瑞；秉公执法处理琦善等活动，从而达到绳墨权重、执法秉公的目的。 在弱国无外交的历史条件下，曾国藩通过四拒洋兵；解散阿思本舰队；师夷 长技，变法图强；中外交涉总以条约为凭；妥善处理天津教案等活动，从而达到 坚拒列强、悍卫国家主权的目的，实现“渐图自强”的理想。 关键词: 曾国藩 法律思想 II II ABSTRACT As the master of traditional Chinese culture, Zeng Guofan lived in the specific era of the third change of Chinese legal culture. On the one hand, he inherited the essence of Confucianism, on the other hand facing his country’s weak and poor reality, he gradually formed statecraft ideology, and became the representative of the third generation of “JingShi Group”. Zeng Guofan’s legal thinking is the important component of his thought of statecraft ideology. In his view, it is neccessary for “Rule of Rites” to apply the law, so he advocated combination of ritual and law. Zeng Guofan adhered to ceremony as the prerequisite conditions, and proposed that severe penalties should be applied in order to realize administering officials, common people and lawsuit according to law. Consequently, governing the world by humanity would be achieved. He thought it is certain to occure through ceremony with law, the law-based methods and means. Zeng Guofan ruled the military by law and took the love for common pepole as a fundamental; He held Tuanlian and builded New Army; He setup Xiang Armys three established principles; He governed the military by ritual and strengthened control; He changed the restructuring of Zhili military and formulated three martial law; He r