传感器故障诊断的研究与应用-控制理论与控制工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 本文总结了非线性系统传感器故障诊断的方法，讨论了非线性滤波在故障诊断中的 应用。针对机炉非线性系统的传感器故障，本文提出了三种基于非线性滤波的故障诊断 方案。在协调对象数学模型己知的情况下，分别用扩展卡尔曼滤波和隐性卡尔曼滤波实 现了传感器故障诊断的算法。文中分析了算法的原理、实现过程以及对各种传感器故障 的检测和辨识效果，讨论了算法的敏感性、鲁棒性和稳定性，并对这两种算法进行了仿 真比较。其中隐性卡尔曼滤波算法实现了对渐变型传感器故障的检测和多输入多输出、 强稿合系统传感器故障的隔离，仿真结果表明算法有较好的鲁棒性和稳定性 。在协调系 统模型未知的情况下，用拉格里自适应滤波器对系统进行在线辨识，设计了传感器故障 诊断算法，并应用到锅炉汽机协调系统的传感器故障诊断中，仿真表明该算法能够准确 诊断出传感器故障，满足实际的要求 。最后对全文的工作进行了总结 。 关键词:扩展卡尔曼滤波，隐性卡尔曼滤波，自适应滤波，故障诊断，非线性系统 Abstract ηle methods of sensor faults diagnosís in nonlinear system 缸e sununarized and the application of nonlinear fi1ters in fault diagnosis is discussed in this paper. Three schemes based on nonlinear filter technique 缸e presented to detect sensor faults in boiler-turbine system. When the plant model is knOWD，those algoritlnns of fault diagnosis 缸巳 implemented by extended kalman filter and unscented kalman filter respectively. The principle and implementation process of algorithms 缸e described，and the effect of identification and detection to multiple sensor faults are analyzed. In addition，the sensitivity，robustness and stability of these algorithms are also discussed and the difference between two kinds of algorithms are given by simulation experiment. Unscented filter can be used to detect incipient faults，isolate sensor faults in MIMO and íntense coupling system. Silnulation results show ìts robust and stable. When the model ìs unknown ，the adaptive laguerre filter is designed to identify the plant online. Then the scheme of fault diagnosis is applied to detect sensor faults in boi1er-turbine system. Simulation results show the algorithm can proper1y detect the faults in the system and meet the demand of production. Finally，the overall work is summarized. KEY WORDS: extended kalman filter，unscented kaIman filter，adaptive laguerre filter，fault diagnosis，nonlinear system 华北电力大学(北京)硕士学位.论文 第一章绪 论 1 . 1 故障诊断的研究背景和意义 现代系统正朝着大规模、复杂化的方向发展，这类系统一旦发生事故就有可能造成 人员和财产的巨大损失，因此切实保证现代复杂系统的可靠性与安全性具有十分重要的 意义。在实际生产过程中，在事故发生前，控制系统往往都会出现故障预兆，如果能够 及时检测到这种预