传感器惯性动态建模与实时自校正的研究-航空宇航科学与技术(系统仿真与控制)专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 在航空发动机控制系统中，用于反馈控制和极限控制的传感器对控制系统的性能起着关键 的作用。这些传感器因惯性导致的延迟会影响控制系统的性能。本文从工程实际应用需求出发， 以减小传感器的延迟为目的，研究传感器惯性的建模与校正的方法。 论文首先从传感器延迟的机理出发，提出用有限差分法的 Crank-Nicolson 方法求解热电偶 壁厚及空气层内的温度变化规律，研究热电偶壁厚及空气层给温度传感过程带来的延迟；提出 从气动角度用黎曼方程来求解一维非定常简单波，得出某点压力随时间变化的规律，研究压力 传感器进气管给压力传感过程带来的延迟。随后用实验方法测定传感器的动态特性，分别以恒 温油槽、压缩机产生阶跃温度及压力变化，使用 IOtech 公司的 USB 数据采集器 Personal daq 3000 作为数据采集工具，采集热电偶、压力传感器在阶跃信号激励下的响应，获得传感器的动 态特性。 论文依据实验数据通过最小二乘法对传感器进行系统辨识，在模型的基础上，依据零极点 配置的方法在 SIMULINK 中设计动态补偿器，并串联在原系统后，使原传感器的响应时间缩短， 响应加快。最后，通过编制基于 VC 和 NI 控件的仿真程序、研制基于 DSP 的智能传感器平台、 比较带延迟和补偿环节的发动机控制系统控制效果等方法分别验证延迟补偿算法。结果表明， 补偿算法可以有效缩短传感器响应时间，改善发动机控制系统的控制效果。 关键词：热电偶，压力传感器，延迟，补偿，航空发动机控制系统 Abstract Sensors which are used for feedback or limit control play a key role in the aircraft engine control system. However, the measurement lag of the sensors may impact the control system performance greatly. To meet the requirement of correcting the measurement lag from sensor inertia in the engineering application , modeling and correction methods are researched. Measurement lag is researched firstly in this paper. Crank-Nicolson method of finite difference method is proposed to solve the lag of temperature changing due to the cliff thickness and air thickness of the thermocouple, applying Riemann function to solve the one dimensional unsteady simple wave is introduced to obtain the pressure lag of an in-air-pipe of the pressure transistor due to the length of the pipe. Experiments to obtain the dynamic characteristic of sensors by step signals inputs which produced by oil trough and compressor is carried out, in which IOtech USB data sample instrument Personal daq 3000 is applied to get the response data. Secondly, lag-correction methods are studied, correction link is proposed by reallocating the pole of the system model which is recognized through least square method by the experiment data. By adding the correction link to the rear of sensor in SIMULINK, the measurement lag of sensors is decreased distinctly. Correction perfo