充气展开防护屏空间碎片撞击防护性能分析-工程力学专业论文.docx

摘 要 近年来，随着空间活动次数的不断增加，空间碎片的数量也在逐年增多。空 间碎片往往造成航天器的损伤甚至失效，所以微流星体和空间碎片的高速撞击防 护对航天器及宇航员的安全至关重要。本文研究了一种充气展开防护结构的防护 性能。 本文首先对充气展开的多层防护结构进行了结构设计，着重设计了铝/碳环氧 复合充气展开防护屏。 用实验研究的方法对铝-碳环氧复合充气展开防护屏结构的防护性能进行研 究，通过观察板上的弹坑深度判断防护屏结构的防护性能。研究结果表明该防护 屏的防护性能优于铝合金防护屏、碳环氧材料防护屏和铝/铝-碳环氧/碳环氧防护 屏结构。通过 AUTODYN 的 Lagrange 法对铝/碳环氧复合充气展开防护屏结构的 防护性能进行有限元分析，得到了与实验相吻合的结论。 通过 AUTODYN 中的 Lagrange 法对充气展开的铝和碳环氧材料制成的双层 复合防护屏结构的防护性能进行研究，分别固定双层复合防护屏结构的总厚度和 面密度，改变每种材料的厚度组成；通过 AUTODYN 中的 SPH 法对纯铝材料的 三层防护屏结构进行有限元分析，固定三层防护屏结构的总间距，改变第二层防 护屏的位置、改变总间距,比较观察板的损伤情况，得出以上参数对防护性能的影 响规律。 本文的分析结果可为后续的防护屏设计提供一定的参考。 关键词 超高速、撞击、防护屏、损伤 Abstract In recent years，with the increasing of space activities，the number of space debris increases year by year. Space debris often cause damage and even failure to the spacecraft. So the protection against the micro-meteoroids and space crash is very important to the safety of the spacecrafts and the astronauts. In this paper the multi-storey inflatable shield is designed, especially design the Al/Carbon-epoxy compound inflatable structure in detail. The way of experimental study is used to research the performance of the Al/Carbon-epoxy compound inflatable structure and judge the protective performance by compare the depth of the hole in the observation sheet .The result shows that the protective performance of this structure is better than the Aluminum alloy, the carbon- epoxy and the Al/Al-carbon/carbon shield structure. The AUTODYN 2D Lagrange code is used for the finite element analysis of the protective performance of the Al/Carbon-epoxy compound inflatable structure and get the similar results with the experiments. The AUTODYN 2D Lagrange code is used for the finite element analysis of the protective performances of a composite structure shield which is made of aluminum and carbon-epoxy materials. The total thickness and the area density is fixed separately, then change the thicknesses of different materials; use the AUTODYN 2D SPH code to study the protective performances of a thre