反渗透海水淡化工艺优化及其产业化探究-化学与工程专业论文.docxVIP

量回收装置应用在了试验装置中。针对设计的反渗透膜的处理水量及反渗透膜的 操作参数，试验设计了相应的反渗透设备及尺寸规格，如高压泵、保安过滤器等。 反渗透属微孔致密膜，孔径较小，截盐率可达到 99 %以上，较高的截盐率导 致盐类物质易在膜表面堆积，并增加浓差极化的趋势。为保证产水通量的稳定， 就必须加大操作压力，从而增加能耗，同时较高的压力会大大的降低膜的使用寿 命，最终导致反渗透设备运行费用高昂。试验针对反渗透易污染，易结垢等问题， 采用膜通量、接触角测量等指数对已污染膜进行污染分析，并研究膜污染的污染 机理及膜污染防治措施。针对反渗透膜污染，采用定期的药剂清洗，可基本恢复 膜通量，延长膜的使用寿命。 关键词：海水淡化；混凝；反渗透膜；反渗透膜设计；膜污染 5 Abstract Water is source of life. It is a big challenge to achieve enough fresh water for human beings with the economic and population development. The ocean covers an area of 70.8 % of the earth, which includes enough fresh water and biology and mineral resource. However, the fresh water on the land is being decreased day by day. It is time to face the issue. Now, seawater desalination is becoming more and more important to resolve the issue. The technology of seawater desalination mainly includes RO, MED, MSF and ED. As discussed as above, the paper compares the each kind of technology of seawater desalination, especially the RO technology. Based on the requirements of RO feed, the traditional pretreatment technology, consisting of coagulation and inclined tube sedimentation tank, V-shaped filter and mechanical filtration is used for pretreatment of seawater. The performance of coagulation is investigated by the technology conditions such as the kind of coagulation, dosage of coagulate, forrculate and the standing time. After the test, the orthogonal test is used to determine the optimal technology conditions. The FeCl3 and osseocolla was used as the coagulate and forrculate, respectively. The results indicate that the optimal dosage of coagulate and forrculate was 10mg/L and 1.0mg/L, respectively when the standing time is 60 min. In order to reduce the membrane fouling, the mechanical blender and V-shaped tank is used following the coagulation. Then the NaHSO3 with 3 ppm is used to removal residual chlorine. The feed pH is adjusted by the H2SO4 to 7.22. The antisludging agent with 1 ppm is added when the pH is 8.0. As a result, the p